HESI Test Bank Medical Surgical Nursing

HESI Test Bank Medical Surgical Nursing Related

Review HESI Test Bank Medical Surgical Nursing related questions and content

The nurse is completing the preoperative assessment of a client who is scheduled for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Which finding warrants notification of the HCP prior to proceeding with the scheduled procedure?

  • A. Light yellow coloring of the client's skin and eyes.
  • B. The client's blood pressure reading of 184/88 mm Hg.
  • C. The client vomits 20 ml of clear yellowish fluid.
  • D. The IV insertion site is red, swollen, and leaking IV fluid.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. A blood pressure reading of 184/88 mm Hg indicates hypertension, which can increase the risks associated with surgery. The healthcare provider should be notified to manage the blood pressure before proceeding with the scheduled procedure. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect: A, light yellow coloring of the client's skin and eyes may indicate jaundice, but it is not an immediate concern for the scheduled procedure; C, vomiting clear yellowish fluid may suggest bile reflux, but it does not pose an immediate risk to the procedure; D, red, swollen, and leaking IV insertion site indicates a local complication that requires intervention but does not have a direct impact on proceeding with the scheduled surgery.

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A client with peptic ulcer disease is prescribed sucralfate. What is the mechanism of action of this medication?

  • A. Neutralizes stomach acid
  • B. Decreases gastric acid secretion
  • C. Covers the ulcer site and protects it from acid
  • D. Improves gastric motility
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Covers the ulcer site and protects it from acid. Sucralfate works by forming a protective barrier over ulcers, shielding them from stomach acid and promoting healing. Choice A, neutralizing stomach acid, is incorrect as sucralfate does not neutralize acid but acts as a physical barrier. Choice B, decreasing gastric acid secretion, is not the mechanism of action of sucralfate. Choice D, improving gastric motility, is unrelated to sucralfate's action on peptic ulcers.

The family of a newly admitted child with cystic fibrosis is educated by the nurse that the treatment will be centered on what therapy?

  • A. Chest physiotherapy
  • B. Mucus-drying agents
  • C. Prevention of diarrhea
  • D. Insulin therapy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chest physiotherapy. In cystic fibrosis, chest physiotherapy and aerosol medications are fundamental components of treatment to help clear mucus from the lungs, reduce the risk of infections, and improve breathing. Mucus-drying agents (Choice B) are not typically used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Prevention of diarrhea (Choice C) is not a primary focus in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Insulin therapy (Choice D) is not relevant to cystic fibrosis, as it is a treatment for diabetes.

A client with hypertension is prescribed a low-sodium diet. Which food should the client avoid?

  • A. Fresh fruits
  • B. Processed cheese
  • C. Whole grain bread
  • D. Fresh vegetables
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

A client with a history of seizures is prescribed phenytoin. Which side effect should the nurse instruct the client to report?

  • A. Drowsiness
  • B. Gingival hyperplasia
  • C. Weight gain
  • D. Blurred vision
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gingival hyperplasia. Phenytoin is known to cause gingival hyperplasia, which is an overgrowth of gum tissue. This side effect is important to report to the healthcare provider because it can lead to oral health problems. Choice A, drowsiness, is a common side effect of many antiepileptic drugs but is not specific to phenytoin. Choice C, weight gain, is not a typical side effect of phenytoin. Choice D, blurred vision, is not a common side effect of phenytoin; it is more commonly associated with other medications.

The healthcare provider prescribes Cytovene 375 mg every 12 hours to infuse over 90 minutes. The pharmacy delivers Cytovene 375 mg in a 150 mL IV bag. How many ml/hour should the nurse program the infusion pump?

  • A. 50 ml/hour.
  • B. 75 ml/hour.
  • C. 100 ml/hour.
  • D. 125 ml/hour.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: To infuse 150 mL over 90 minutes, the pump should be set to 100 ml/hour (150 mL / 1.5 hours). This rate ensures that the medication is delivered at the proper rate as prescribed. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct calculation based on the volume of the IV bag and the infusion duration provided in the question.

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