Nokea
A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 kilocalories, which includes 30 grams of fat. What percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?
- A. 8.50%
- B. 15.00%
- C. 19.00%
- D. 25.50%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To calculate the percentage of total energy contributed by fat, first determine the energy from fat by multiplying the fat amount (30g) by the energy density of fat (9 kcal/g), which equals 270 kcal. Then, divide the energy from fat (270 kcal) by the total energy intake (1400 kcal) and multiply by 100 to find the percentage: (270 kcal / 1400 kcal) * 100 = 19.29% ≈ 19.00%. Therefore, fat contributes approximately 19% of the total energy in the diet. Choice A (8.50%) is too low, while choices B (15.00%) and D (25.50%) are incorrect calculations based on the given information.
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What is a common sign of a urinary tract infection in older children?
- A. Frequent urination
- B. Increased appetite
- C. Elevated blood pressure
- D. Decreased energy levels
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Frequent urination is a common sign of a urinary tract infection in older children. It is often accompanied by other symptoms such as pain or discomfort. Increased appetite (Choice B) is not typically associated with urinary tract infections. Elevated blood pressure (Choice C) is more commonly linked to conditions like hypertension, not urinary tract infections. Decreased energy levels (Choice D) can be a sign of various health issues but are not a typical symptom of a urinary tract infection.
What is a common early sign of type 1 diabetes in children?
- A. Excessive thirst and frequent urination
- B. Severe abdominal pain
- C. Frequent headaches
- D. Sudden weight gain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Excessive thirst and frequent urination are common early signs of type 1 diabetes in children. These symptoms occur due to high blood glucose levels, leading to increased thirst and urination. Severe abdominal pain (choice B) is not typically associated with type 1 diabetes. Although frequent headaches (choice C) can occur in some cases, they are not as specific to type 1 diabetes as excessive thirst and frequent urination. Sudden weight gain (choice D) is not a common early sign of type 1 diabetes; in fact, unexplained weight loss is more characteristic of the condition.
What is an important consideration when administering medications to a child with hepatic dysfunction?
- A. Increased dosing intervals
- B. Adjustments in dosage due to altered metabolism
- C. Avoid all medications
- D. Use only topical medications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When administering medications to a child with hepatic dysfunction, it is crucial to make adjustments in dosage due to altered metabolism. Hepatic dysfunction can affect the way medications are metabolized in the body, potentially leading to drug toxicity or reduced effectiveness. This is why adjusting the dosage is essential to ensure the medication is both safe and efficient. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increasing dosing intervals, avoiding all medications, or using only topical medications do not address the specific issue of altered drug metabolism in hepatic dysfunction.
What is a common complication of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes in children?
- A. Hyperactivity
- B. Ketoacidosis
- C. Hypertension
- D. Hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ketoacidosis is a prevalent complication of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes in children. It is a serious condition characterized by high levels of ketones in the blood, leading to acidosis. Prompt medical attention is necessary to manage this potentially life-threatening condition.
Choice A, hyperactivity, is not a typical complication of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes. Choice C, hypertension, is not a direct complication of type 1 diabetes in children. Choice D, hypoglycemia, is more commonly associated with low blood sugar levels, which can occur due to excessive insulin administration or inadequate food intake in diabetic individuals, rather than uncontrolled type 1 diabetes.
What is the key to preventing recurrent respiratory infections in children with cystic fibrosis?
- A. Routine use of antibiotics
- B. Daily chest physiotherapy
- C. Increased fluid intake
- D. Dietary supplements
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Daily chest physiotherapy. Daily chest physiotherapy is essential in cystic fibrosis as it helps in clearing mucus from the lungs, reducing the frequency of respiratory infections. Antibiotics (Choice A) may treat infections but are not the key preventive measure. Increased fluid intake (Choice C) and dietary supplements (Choice D) can be beneficial for overall health but do not directly prevent recurrent respiratory infections in children with cystic fibrosis.