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What is an important aspect of managing a child with chronic kidney disease?
- A. Monitoring electrolyte levels
- B. Increasing protein intake
- C. Limiting fluid intake
- D. Encouraging a high-fat diet
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial in managing chronic kidney disease in children because imbalances can lead to serious complications. Electrolyte levels must be carefully monitored to prevent issues such as electrolyte abnormalities, which can further impact kidney function and overall health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because increasing protein intake, limiting fluid intake, and encouraging a high-fat diet can exacerbate kidney disease in children by putting extra strain on their kidneys or causing other health problems.
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Which statement best describes the composition of most foods?
- A. Most foods contain a mixture of the three energy nutrients, with one or two predominating.
- B. Foods do not typically contain equal amounts of the three energy nutrients.
- C. Most foods contain mixtures of the three energy nutrients, although only one or two may predominate.
- D. Most foods contain all three energy nutrients in varying amounts.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Most foods contain a mixture of the three energy nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats), with one or two predominating. Choice A is correct because most foods do contain a combination of energy nutrients, with one or two types usually being predominant. Choice B is incorrect as foods typically do not contain equal amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Choice D is incorrect because most foods contain all three energy nutrients, not just one or two types.
How should one manage a child with an allergy to multiple food items?
- A. Avoid all identified allergens
- B. Increase dietary exposure to allergens
- C. Administer daily antihistamines
- D. Restrict all food intake
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When managing a child with an allergy to multiple food items, the most appropriate approach is to avoid all identified allergens. This is crucial to prevent allergic reactions and ensure the child's safety. Choice B, increasing dietary exposure to allergens, is incorrect as it can lead to severe allergic reactions. Choice C, administering daily antihistamines, may help manage symptoms but does not address the root cause, which is avoiding allergens. Choice D, restricting all food intake, is not a viable option as it can lead to malnutrition and other health issues.
How should a healthcare provider handle a child with a suspected head injury who is showing signs of drowsiness?
- A. Administer pain medication
- B. Perform a full neurological assessment
- C. Allow the child to sleep
- D. Contact a specialist immediately
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a child with a suspected head injury is showing signs of drowsiness, administering pain medication should not be the first course of action as it may mask important symptoms. Allowing the child to sleep is not recommended as they need to be monitored. Contacting a specialist immediately may delay necessary assessments. Performing a full neurological assessment is the most appropriate action because it helps evaluate the head injury's extent, identify neurological deficits, and guide further intervention or treatment.
What is a common sign of dehydration in a child with diarrhea?
- A. Decreased urine output
- B. Increased appetite
- C. Warm, dry skin
- D. Elevated blood pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased urine output. When a child with diarrhea is dehydrated, they may have decreased urine output, indicating that their body is conserving fluids. This sign highlights the importance of fluid replacement to prevent worsening dehydration. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Increased appetite is not typically associated with dehydration but can be seen in other conditions. Warm, dry skin may be a sign of fever or other skin conditions, not specifically dehydration. Elevated blood pressure is not a common sign of dehydration in a child with diarrhea.
What is the primary goal in managing a child with chronic asthma?
- A. Achieve and maintain symptom control
- B. Avoid all physical activity
- C. Increase dietary sodium
- D. Restrict medication use
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary goal in managing a child with chronic asthma is to achieve and maintain symptom control. This helps improve the child's quality of life by reducing asthma symptoms and exacerbations. Choice B is incorrect because avoiding all physical activity is not recommended for children with asthma; in fact, regular physical activity can be beneficial. Choice C is incorrect as increasing dietary sodium is not a primary goal in managing asthma. Choice D is incorrect because restricting medication use can lead to uncontrolled asthma symptoms and complications.