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A child with a cast should be taught to report
- A. Discomfort
- B. Numbness
- C. Tingling
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All D may indicate circulation issues, per document p28, .
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A 5-year-old girl presents with hematuria and hypertension. Ultrasound shows a renal mass. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Nephrotic syndrome
- B. Wilms tumor
- C. Polycystic kidney disease
- D. Renal vein thrombosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Wilms tumor presents with hematuria, hypertension, and a renal mass, per NCI. A, C-E have different features.
Biological causes of mild mental retardation includes all of the following except:
- A. Excessive fetal movements
- B. Maternal drug use
- C. Perinatal insults
- D. Sex chromosomal abnormalities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Excessive fetal movements aren’t a recognized cause of mild mental retardation; they’re nonspecific. B-E are established contributors (CDC).
The nurse is caring for a child with suspected diabetes insipidus. Which clinical manifestations would she expect to observe?
- A. Nausea and vomiting
- B. Polyuria and polydipsia
- C. Oliguria and uremia
- D. Glycosuria and hematuria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus causes polyuria and polydipsia (B) due to lack of antidiuretic hormone. Nausea (A), oliguria (C), and glycosuria (D) are unrelated. Document: 'Excessive urination accompanied by insatiable thirst is the primary clinical manifestation.'
A 4-year-old girl presents with fever and conjunctivitis. Exam shows a rash and swollen hands. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Measles
- B. Kawasaki disease
- C. Scarlet fever
- D. Rubella
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kawasaki disease includes fever, conjunctivitis, rash, and swollen hands, per AHA. A, C-E differ.
A 19-year-old pregnant mother likes all-night dance parties. She took methylenedioxymetamphetamine (MDMA 'X', Ecstasy) routinely before and during pregnancy. The most likely fetal defect is:
- A. Pulmonary
- B. Gastrointestinal
- C. CNS
- D. Cardiac
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: MDMA use in pregnancy is linked to cardiac defects , like septal defects, per studies (Teratology). A-C, E are less specific.