Nokea
A nurse has only a regular blood pressure cuff when conducting a health screening for all of the
- A. Reliability
- B. Sensitivity
- C. Specificity
- D. Validity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Specificity. Specificity refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify those without a certain condition as negative. In this scenario, using a regular blood pressure cuff may not be specific enough to accurately identify individuals who do not have high blood pressure. The cuff may give false positive results, leading to unnecessary concern or further testing. The other choices are incorrect because: A - Reliability refers to the consistency of results, not the accuracy of identifying those without a condition. B - Sensitivity is the ability to correctly identify those with a certain condition as positive, not those without it. D - Validity is the overall accuracy of a test, which includes both sensitivity and specificity, but in this case, specificity is more relevant.
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Persons in an auditorium may have been exposed to a disease. If they are infected, it is crucial that they receive immediate treatment and not take the disease home to their families. Which of the following characteristics would be most important to consider when selecting the screening test to be used?
- A. The negative predictive value
- B. The positive predictive value
- C. The sensitivity of the test
- D. The specificity of the test
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The sensitivity of the test. Sensitivity measures the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who have the disease (true positives). In this scenario, selecting a screening test with high sensitivity is crucial to ensure that infected individuals are accurately identified and receive immediate treatment to prevent spreading the disease to their families.
A: The negative predictive value - This measures the probability that individuals with a negative test result truly do not have the disease and is not as important in this case where immediate treatment is vital.
B: The positive predictive value - This measures the probability that individuals with a positive test result truly have the disease and is not as critical as sensitivity in this context.
D: The specificity of the test - This measures the ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who do not have the disease (true negatives) and is not the most important consideration when the goal is to identify infected individuals for immediate treatment.
Which outcome is a potential consequence of power imbalances in nurse-client interactions?
- A. Increased client autonomy and decision making
- B. Enhanced trust and rapport between the nurse and client
- C. Unequal treatment and compromised client autonomy
- D. Improved communication and understanding between parties
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Unequal treatment and compromised client autonomy. Power imbalances in nurse-client interactions can lead to the nurse exerting control over the client, resulting in unequal treatment and compromised client autonomy. The nurse may make decisions on behalf of the client without considering their preferences or values, leading to a lack of autonomy for the client. This can result in the client feeling disempowered and not having their needs and preferences met. Increased client autonomy (choice A) and enhanced trust and rapport (choice B) are unlikely outcomes of power imbalances as they require a balanced and respectful relationship. Improved communication (choice D) may not necessarily occur if one party dominates the interaction.
A nurse advocates and intervenes between the health care system and the client's cultural beliefs on behalf of the client. Which term best describes the nurse's action?
- A. Cultural accommodation
- B. Culture brokering
- C. Cultural preservation
- D. Cultural repatterning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Culture brokering. This term best describes the nurse's action of advocating and intervening between the health care system and the client's cultural beliefs. Culture brokering involves facilitating communication, negotiation, and mediation between different cultural groups. The nurse acts as a bridge to ensure the client's cultural values are respected and incorporated into their healthcare.
A: Cultural accommodation refers to adapting healthcare practices to meet the client's cultural beliefs, but it does not involve advocating or intervening on behalf of the client like culture brokering.
C: Cultural preservation focuses on maintaining and safeguarding cultural traditions, which is not the primary action described in the question.
D: Cultural repatterning involves changing or modifying cultural beliefs, which is not the nurse's role in this scenario.
A nurse is unable to provide culturally competent care to a population within the community. Which of the following is an effect of this type of care?
- A. Enhanced communication
- B. C M
- C. Increased cost of health cUare S N T O
- D. Achievement of health indicators
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increased cost of health care. When a nurse is unable to provide culturally competent care, it can lead to misunderstandings, lack of trust, and ineffective treatments, resulting in increased healthcare costs. Culturally competent care helps improve patient outcomes and reduces unnecessary procedures. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the negative impact of providing culturally incompetent care on healthcare costs.
Which action can a nurse take to cultivate mindful awareness in interactions with clients?
- A. Practicing active listening and seeking to understand the speaker's perspective without interruptions
- B. Making quick judgments and forming opinions based on automatic biases and assumptions
- C. Avoiding reflection and self-awareness to maintain a detached approach in client care
- D. Embracing a fixed mindset and resisting new information or diverse experiences
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because active listening and seeking to understand the speaker's perspective without interruptions are key components of cultivating mindful awareness. By actively listening, the nurse can fully engage with the client, demonstrate empathy, and foster a deeper connection. This approach allows the nurse to be present in the moment, reduce distractions, and avoid making assumptions or quick judgments. It promotes a non-judgmental attitude and helps the nurse to be more attuned to the client's needs and emotions. In contrast, choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they all involve behaviors that hinder mindful awareness, such as making quick judgments, avoiding reflection, and resisting new information. These actions do not promote a mindful and empathetic interaction with clients.