Nokea
Release of the mineralcorticoids is stimulated with:
- A. Low concentration of \mathrm{Na}+ in the blood
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Low concentration of angiotensin II in the blood
- D. Low concentration of \mathrm{Mg} 2+ in the blood
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low blood sodium stimulates aldosterone release via the renin-angiotensin system.
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A patient requires 1,000 mL of IV fluid to be infused over 10 hours with a drop factor of 20 gtt/mL. What is the flow rate in drops per minute?
- A. 33 gtt/min
- B. 50 gtt/min
- C. 67 gtt/min
- D. 100 gtt/min
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flow rate = (Volume Drop factor) ÷ Time in minutes = (1,000 mL 20 gtt/mL) ÷ (10 60) = 20,000 ÷ 600 = 33.33 gtt/min, rounded to 33 gtt/min.
Which of the following adverse effects are less likely in a beta1-selective blocker?
- A. Dysrhythmias
- B. Impaired insulin release
- C. Reflex orthostatic changes
- D. Decreased triglycerides and cholesterol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta1-selective blockers (e.g., atenolol) have less impact on insulin release compared to non-selective blockers.
How can the nurse find the most up-to-date information about emergency preparedness related to bioterrorism agents?
- A. Read textbooks devoted to the topic.
- B. Ask coworkers to explain current events.
- C. Read journal articles about bioterrorism agents.
- D. Visit the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Web site.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most current information will be found on the CDC Web site because new information can be posted immediately whereas textbooks and journal articles take time to print. Coworkers may or may not remain current on emergency preparedness and should not be the primary source of information.
Which of the following is the most frequent cause of diarrhea and flatulance:
- A. Acarbose
- B. Glibenclamide
- C. Metformin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acarbose inhibits carbohydrate digestion in the gut, leading to increased fermentation by gut bacteria, causing diarrhea and flatulence.
A nurse is assessing a client after administering a prescribed medication. Which of the following would alert the nurse to suspect that the client is developing anaphylactic shock?Select one that does not apply.
- A. Wheezing
- B. Hypertension
- C. Dyspnea
- D. Urticaria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The symptoms of anaphylactic shock are dyspnea, feeling of fullness in the throat, cough, wheezing, extremely low blood pressure, tachycardia (heart rate >100 bpm), palpitations, syncope, cardiac arrest, urticaria, angioedema, pruritus, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.