Nokea
A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug via an intramuscular injection. Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to do? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Always wear gloves.
- B. Cleanse skin at injection site.
- C. Place pressure on the area after removing the needle.
- D. Recap the needle before disposal.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When administering an intramuscular injection, the nurse should always wear gloves, cleanse the skin at the injection site prior to administration, aspirate for 5 to 10 seconds after inserting the needle, apply pressure to the area after removing the needle, and never recap the needle.
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Tuberculin purified protein derivative:
- A. Is administered to patients who are known tuberculin-positive reactors
- B. May be administered to patients who are on immunosuppressives
- C. May be administered 2 to 3 weeks after an MMR or varicella vaccine
- D. May be administered the same day as the MMR and/or varicella vaccine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: TB skin test can be given same-day as MMR/varicella; prior positives or immunosuppression complicate interpretation.
Janice has elevated LDL, VLDL, and triglyceride levels. Niaspan, an extended-release form of niacin, is chosen to treat her hyperlipidemia. Due to its metabolism and excretion, which of the following laboratory results should be monitored?
- A. Serum alanine aminotransferase
- B. Serum amylase
- C. Serum creatinine
- D. Phenylketonuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Niacin can cause hepatotoxicity, requiring ALT monitoring.
Carbamazepine has a Black Box Warning due to life-threatening:
- A. Renal toxicity, leading to renal failure
- B. Hepatotoxicity, leading to liver failure
- C. Dermatologic reaction, including Steven's Johnson and toxic epidermal necrolysis
- D. Cardiac effects, including supraventricular tachycardia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbamazepine's Black Box Warning highlights severe skin reactions like SJS/TEN.
When taking a medication history on a patient why should the nurse ask about the use of alternative therapies?
- A. Patients who use new drugs are usually not compliant with medical regimens.
- B. Many drug-alternative therapy interactions can cause serious problems and should be avoided.
- C. Natural products may be more effective and the drug may not be needed.
- D. The cost of the drug and the alternative therapy may be too great for the patient to handle.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alternative therapies can interact with prescribed drugs, potentially causing adverse effects, making this a critical assessment point.
A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. A nurse working on an oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses?
- A. Pharmacoeconomics
- B. Pharmacotherapeutics
- C. Pharmacodynamics
- D. Pharmacokinetics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. The nurse working in radiology is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The nurse working on an oncology unit is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body, and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the drug.