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Which database would the public health nurse use when conducting research to locate regularly updated systematic reviews?
- A. Cochrane Library
- B. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
- C. Medline with Full Text
- D. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cochrane Library. The Cochrane Library is renowned for regularly updated systematic reviews, providing high-quality evidence for healthcare decision-making. It follows strict methodology to ensure reliability. AHRQ (B) focuses on healthcare quality improvement, not systematically updated reviews. While Medline (C) and CINAHL (D) are databases for primary research articles, they do not specifically focus on systematic reviews. Therefore, Cochrane Library is the most appropriate database for the public health nurse's research needs.
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A nurse manager is reviewing documentation with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following notations by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. Administered 8 u regular insulin sq
- B. Check gastric residuals every 4 hours
- C. Compare the client's list of home medications to the admission prescriptions
- D. Measure the client's urine output every hour
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it reflects proper documentation format, including the medication name, dose, route, and frequency. It demonstrates the nurse understands how to document medication administration accurately. Choice B is incorrect as it lacks specific details on the action to be taken. Choice C is incorrect as it does not imply any action related to medication safety. Choice D is incorrect as it does not specify the reason for measuring urine output.
A nurse has developed the following PICOT question: In adult men, is zinc supplementation as effective as vitamin C supplementation in reducing the length of respiratory viral infections over six months? The nurse identifies "zinc supplementation†as which part of the PICOT question?
- A. Population
- B. Intervention
- C. Comparison
- D. Outcome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Intervention. In a PICOT question, the 'Intervention' refers to the treatment or exposure being considered. In this case, the nurse is comparing zinc supplementation to vitamin C supplementation, making zinc supplementation the intervention being studied. The 'Population' would be adult men, 'Comparison' would be vitamin C supplementation, and 'Outcome' would be the reduction in the length of respiratory viral infections. The other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the specific focus of the intervention being studied in the question.
A nurse is counseling a group of clients from a town that was affected by a hurricane 6 months ago. For which of the following clients should the nurse initiate a referral to assess for the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder? (Select all that apply.)
- A. A client who describes feeling disconnected from those around him following the hurricane.
- B. A client who has frequent nightmares about the hurricane.
- C. A client who expresses a realization that life will not return to the way it was before the hurricane.
- D. A client who describes having persistent feelings of anger about the hurricane.
- E. A client who describes having persistent feelings of anger about the hurricane.
Correct Answer: A, B, E
Rationale: The correct answer is A, B, E. Feeling disconnected, having nightmares, and persistent anger are common symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a traumatic event like a hurricane. Referring these clients for further assessment is crucial to determine if they meet the criteria for PTSD diagnosis. Choice C describes a realistic assessment of the situation and does not necessarily indicate PTSD. Choice D, which is repeated, also describes persistent anger, which is a symptom but is already covered by choice E.
Which of the following groups is pressuring clinicians the most to use evidence-based practice (EBP)?
- A. Administrators
- B. Insurance companies
- C. Nurses
- D. Physicians
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administrators. Administrators are pressuring clinicians the most to use evidence-based practice (EBP) as they are responsible for ensuring quality care, cost-effectiveness, and adherence to standards. They implement policies mandating EBP to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Nurses and physicians may advocate for EBP, but administrators hold the most influence due to their oversight of healthcare operations. Insurance companies focus more on reimbursement criteria rather than direct pressure for EBP implementation.
A nurse in a urgent care clinic is caring for an infant who presents with vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased oral intake. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
- A. Olguria
- B. Decreased sensitivity
- C. Evaluate the number of clients presenting with similar diseases
- D. Introduction of a heart-healthy curriculum beginning in the first grade
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oliguria. When an infant presents with vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased oral intake, they are at risk of dehydration. Oliguria, which is decreased urine output, is a common manifestation of dehydration. This occurs as the body tries to conserve fluid. Other choices are incorrect as they are not related to the symptoms described. Decreased sensitivity, evaluate the number of clients presenting with similar diseases, and introduction of a heart-healthy curriculum are all unrelated to the clinical presentation of vomiting, diarrhea, and decreased oral intake in an infant.