Nokea
What is the most influential source of self-efficacy?
- A. Mastery
- B. Affective states
- C. Verbal persuasion
- D. Vicarious experience
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Self-efficacy's backbone is mastery past wins breed belief, a nurse's gold for chronic self-care push. Watching others, pep talks, or mood sway less; doing it trumps all, a confidence anchor in illness battles.
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In Netherlands, women who had pregnancy diabetes are advised to be tested regularly for diabetes. Question: This test is an example of which type of prevention?
- A. Universal prevention
- B. Selective prevention
- C. Indicated prevention
- D. Care-related prevention
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-gestational checks indicated, high-risk group, not all, some, or sick. Nurses track this, a chronic red flag watch.
The best way to prevent chronic complications of diabetes is to:
- A. Take medications as prescribed and remove sugar from the diet completely.
- B. Check feet daily for cuts, long toe nails and infections between the toes.
- C. Maintain a BGL that is as close to normal as possible.
- D. Undertake daily exercise to burn up the excess glucose in the system.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Preventing diabetes complications (e.g., neuropathy, retinopathy) hinges on glycemic control. Medications and sugar elimination help, but total sugar removal is impractical carbohydrates are broader, and control, not absence, matters. Daily foot checks prevent ulcers but address consequences, not root causes. Maintaining blood glucose levels (BGL) near normal (e.g., HbA1c <7%) via diet, exercise, and drugs prevents microvascular (kidney, eye) and macrovascular (heart) damage, per ADA guidelines. Exercise burns glucose, aiding control, but isn't singularly best' it's part of a triad. Tight BGL management reduces oxidative stress, glycation, and vascular injury, evidenced by trials (e.g., DCCT), making it the cornerstone strategy over isolated tactics, ensuring long-term organ protection.
Research into people's eating behaviour has produced several findings. Question: Which finding is NOT correct?
- A. When eating in a group, you eat more than when eating alone
- B. Portion size does not influence how much a person eats
- C. Low prices of high-calorie food contribute to overeating
- D. If you eat with people who eat a lot, you will eat more yourself as well
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eating truths groups, big portions, cheap junk, piggybacking all pile on, but portion size sways intake, not static. Nurses debunk this, a chronic portion myth.
Which of the following statements regarding factors leading to obesity is FALSE?
- A. The factors known to cause obesity are complex and multiple
- B. Twin, family and adoption studies show that the rate of heritability of BMI is high, ranging from 40% to 70% demonstrating a major genetic component
- C. More recent studies have identified a potential role for the microbial content of the skin
- D. Emotional factors are well-known to be potent modulators of appetite
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Obesity's mess genes, emotions, drugs stack up; gut microbes, not skin, tip scales. Nurses sift this chronic cause pile, nixing dermal fluff.
The following strategies can be used to help patients overcome the barriers and challenges faced in insulin therapy EXCEPT:
- A. Threaten patient into adherence with insulin therapy
- B. Engage the patient in shared decision-making, select an insulin regimen that they can adhere to
- C. Provide close supervision and follow up when the patient is newly initiated on insulin therapy
- D. Offer measures to reduce weight gain through lifestyle and dietary advice, concomitant use of insulin with metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1RA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Effective insulin therapy strategies include shared decision-making, close supervision at initiation, and weight gain mitigation via lifestyle and adjunctive drugs like metformin all fostering adherence and success. Threatening patients, however, is counterproductive, increasing resistance, anxiety, and non-compliance, contrary to patient-centered care principles. It undermines trust, critical in chronic disease management, where collaboration and support drive outcomes. Physicians must avoid coercive tactics, focusing instead on empowerment and tailored solutions to overcome insulin therapy barriers.