Nokea
Which individual has the highest risk of developing community-acquired pneumonia?
- A. A 40-year-old first-grade teacher who works with underprivileged children.
- B. A 75-year-old retired secretary with exercise-induced wheezing.
- C. A 60-year-old homeless person who is an alcoholic and smokes.
- D. A 35-year-old aerobics instructor who skips meals and eats only vegetables.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the 60-year-old homeless person who is an alcoholic and smokes. This individual has the highest risk of developing community-acquired pneumonia due to factors such as homelessness, alcoholism, and smoking, which weaken the immune system and make them more susceptible to respiratory infections. Choice A is incorrect as working with underprivileged children, while potentially exposing the individual to various illnesses, does not directly increase the risk of pneumonia. Choice B is less likely as exercise-induced wheezing may suggest asthma but does not directly correlate with pneumonia risk. Choice D, an aerobics instructor who eats only vegetables and skips meals, does not have the same level of risk factors for pneumonia as the homeless person in choice C.
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Care provided by specialists in health facilities such as medical centers, regional, and provincial hospitals falls under which level of care?
- A. Secondary level care
- B. Primary care
- C. Tertiary care
- D. Intermediate care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary care is the correct answer because it involves specialized care provided by medical centers and regional or provincial hospitals. Primary care (Choice B) refers to basic healthcare services usually delivered by general practitioners, nurses, and other healthcare professionals. Secondary care (Choice A) involves specialized services provided by medical specialists and other health professionals who generally do not have first contact with patients. Intermediate care (Choice D) is not a recognized level of care in the typical healthcare system hierarchy; it may cause confusion as it's not a standard term used to describe levels of care.
In terms of CHN practice, how is the nurse in the community trained?
- A. nurse-midwife
- B. practice nursing
- C. generalist in nursing
- D. midwife
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In community health nursing practice, nurses are trained as generalists in nursing. They receive education that equips them to address a wide range of health concerns in the community. Choice A, nurse-midwife, is incorrect as it refers to a specific role focusing on childbirth and maternal health. Choice B, practice nursing, is vague and does not specifically describe the training of community health nurses. Choice D, midwife, is also incorrect as it refers to a specialized role in maternal and newborn care, different from the generalist training of community health nurses.
To be an effective educator, you should:
- A. listen to people's problems and decide on the approach to meet their needs
- B. select the best strategy for health action for people to implement
- C. direct people's efforts to implement community-based projects
- D. simply tell your clients what to do for their problems/needs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to select the best strategy for health action for people to implement because it empowers the community to take ownership of their health. Listening to people's problems (Choice A) is important, but the effectiveness lies in empowering them to implement solutions. Directing people's efforts (Choice C) can be directive and may not foster community ownership. Just telling clients what to do (Choice D) does not promote active participation and empowerment.
In 1996, there were 15 cases of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Barangay B, while Barangay C had 20 cases. The total number of children who have ARI is:
- A. higher in Barangay C than in Barangay B
- B. not comparable in Barangay B and C
- C. higher in Barangay B than in Barangay C
- D. data given is insufficient
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'higher in Barangay C than in Barangay B.' This is because Barangay C had more cases of ARI (20) compared to Barangay B (15). Therefore, the total number of children who have ARI is higher in Barangay C. Choices B and C are incorrect because the data clearly shows that Barangay C had more cases than Barangay B. Choice D is also incorrect as there is sufficient data provided to compare the number of ARI cases between the two barangays.
The nurse is preparing an orientation class for new employees at an inner city clinic that serves a low-income population. Which information should the nurse include in the presentation to these new employees?
- A. A lack of transportation is a major barrier for the clinic's clients.
- B. Basic physiologic needs are likely to be unmet in this clinic's client population.
- C. Printed material is less effective for this population with limited reading skills.
- D. Group education classes are often poorly attended by non-compliant clients.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because addressing basic physiologic needs is crucial for low-income populations. Ensuring that basic needs such as food, shelter, and safety are met is essential for these clients to engage effectively in their healthcare. Choice A talks about transportation, which can be a barrier but may not be the major impediment. Choice C focuses on printed material and reading skills, which are important but not as fundamental as addressing basic physiologic needs. Choice D makes assumptions about client attendance based on compliance, which is not the most critical information to include in an orientation about serving a low-income population.