Community Health HESI Practice Exam

Community Health HESI Practice Exam Related

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When a nurse teaches a community about the importance of hand hygiene, the nurse is engaging in:

  • A. Primary prevention
  • B. Secondary prevention
  • C. Tertiary prevention
  • D. Quaternary prevention
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or injury before it happens. Teaching about hand hygiene to the community helps in preventing infections from occurring in the first place.

Choice B, Secondary prevention, involves early detection and treatment to halt or slow the progress of a condition. This would involve screening or early intervention after exposure. Choice C, Tertiary prevention, focuses on managing the disease to prevent complications, recurrence, or deterioration. This would include rehabilitation and monitoring to prevent further complications. Choice D, Quaternary prevention, relates to actions taken to avoid unnecessary interventions or over-medicalization. This usually involves questioning the necessity of certain medical procedures or treatments to prevent harm to patients.

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The healthcare professional enters the room as a 3-year-old is having a generalized seizure. Which intervention should the healthcare professional do first?

  • A. Clear the area of any hazards
  • B. Place the child on the side
  • C. Restrain the child
  • D. Give the prescribed anticonvulsant
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Placing the child on the side is the priority intervention during a generalized seizure as it helps maintain an open airway and prevents aspiration. Clearing the area of any hazards is important but should come after ensuring the child's safety. Restraining the child is not recommended during a seizure as it can lead to injury. Giving the prescribed anticonvulsant is important but should not be the first action during an ongoing seizure.

A client with chronic congestive heart failure should be instructed to contact the home health nurse if which finding occurs?

  • A. Weight gain of 2 pounds or more in a 48-hour period
  • B. Urinating 4 to 5 times a day
  • C. A significant decrease in appetite
  • D. Appearance of non-pitting ankle edema
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A rapid weight gain of 2 pounds or more in a 48-hour period may indicate fluid retention and worsening heart failure, requiring prompt medical evaluation and intervention. This finding is crucial in managing chronic congestive heart failure as it signifies a potential exacerbation of the condition. Choices B, C, and D are less concerning in this context. Urinating 4 to 5 times a day is within the normal range for most individuals and may not be directly related to heart failure. A significant decrease in appetite may be due to various factors and might not be an immediate cause for concern in heart failure patients. The appearance of non-pitting ankle edema, although related to heart failure, is a more chronic and less urgent symptom when compared to a rapid weight gain, which requires immediate attention.

BCG vaccine is supplied in:

  • A. freeze-dried form in a sealed glass ampule
  • B. liquid form in a sealed glass ampule
  • C. liquid form in a vial
  • D. both 2 and 3
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

The occurrence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is on the rise and is attributed to the changing lifestyle of Filipinos. The major NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and diabetes mellitus (DM). The community health nurse can help address these problems. The major risk factors common to the above-mentioned four major NCDs are:

  • A. Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking
  • B. Hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, and poor stress management
  • C. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking
  • D. Unhealthy diet, alcoholism, and sedentary lifestyle
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking.' These are major risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and diabetes mellitus (DM). Unhealthy diet can lead to obesity and other health issues, physical inactivity contributes to various chronic conditions, and smoking is a well-known risk factor for cancer and respiratory diseases. Choice B is incorrect as hypertension is a condition that can result from these risk factors rather than being a risk factor itself. Poor stress management, although important for overall health, is not a major risk factor for the mentioned NCDs. Choice C is incorrect as although obesity is a risk factor, it is not mentioned in the question stem. Choice D is incorrect as alcoholism is not listed among the major NCDs or the common risk factors provided.

What is the primary goal of community health nursing?

  • A. Promote health and prevent disease
  • B. Provide care to the sick
  • C. Conduct research
  • D. Develop health policies
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary goal of community health nursing is to promote health and prevent disease. Community health nurses focus on preventive care, health promotion, and education to improve the overall health of the community. Providing care to the sick (Choice B) is part of nursing but not the primary goal of community health nursing. While research (Choice C) and developing health policies (Choice D) may be components of community health nursing, they are not the primary goal, which is centered around promoting health and preventing disease.

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