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The nurse is planning a nutrition class for a group of high school students emphasizing the goals for nutrition from Healthy People 2020. Which meal selection provides the best choices in meeting these goals?
- A. pasta with cheese sauce, garlic butter bread, and vegetable juice drink
- B. a 6-oz pork chop, creamed peas, cheese sauce on potatoes, coffee
- C. vegetable lasagna, lettuce salad, a whole wheat roll, 8 oz of 2% milk
- D. bacon, lettuce, tomato sandwich, whole grain chips, 8 oz. of whole milk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because vegetable lasagna, lettuce salad, and a whole wheat roll with 2% milk align with the nutrition goals of Healthy People 2020. These choices provide a balanced meal with vegetables, whole grains, and dairy, promoting a healthier dietary pattern. Choices A, B, and D do not offer as comprehensive a selection of food groups or as healthy options as choice C, making them less aligned with the nutrition goals of Healthy People 2020.
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The nurse at a health fair has taken a client's blood pressure twice, 10 minutes apart, in the same arm while the client is seated. The nurse records the two blood pressures of 172/104 mm Hg and 164/98 mm Hg. What is the appropriate nursing action in response to these readings?
- A. Refer the client to a nutritionist after providing health teaching about a low-sodium diet.
- B. Place the client in a recumbent position and call the paramedics for transport to the hospital.
- C. Talk with the client to assess whether there is stress in the client's life and refer to a counseling service.
- D. Take the client's blood pressure in the other arm and then schedule a healthcare practitioner's appointment for as soon as possible.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The appropriate nursing action in response to significantly high blood pressure readings like 172/104 mm Hg and 164/98 mm Hg is to confirm the readings by taking the blood pressure in the other arm. This can help rule out any error or issue specific to that arm. The nurse should then schedule a healthcare practitioner's appointment for as soon as possible to further assess the client's condition and determine the appropriate intervention.
Choice A is incorrect because solely referring the client to a nutritionist for a low-sodium diet without further assessment or confirmation of the blood pressure readings is premature. Choice B is incorrect as the client is already seated, and calling paramedics for immediate transport to the hospital is not warranted based solely on the blood pressure readings provided. Choice C is incorrect as stress may not be the sole reason for the high blood pressure readings, and further assessment is required before referring the client to counseling services.
As a community Health Nurse, you are a change agent. Which of the following roles must you play to succeed as a change agent?
- A. information provider
- B. information seeker
- C. motivator
- D. leader
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To succeed as a change agent, being an information seeker is crucial. While being an information provider, motivator, and leader are important roles, actively seeking information is fundamental to understanding the community's needs, concerns, and challenges before implementing effective changes. This active information seeking helps in making informed decisions and developing strategies that address the specific issues faced by the community. Therefore, the correct choice is B. Choices A, C, and D are also important roles but may not be as fundamental as actively seeking information.
Which of these statements by the nurse is incorrect to use to reinforce information about cancers to a group of young adults?
- A. "You can reduce your risk of this serious type of stomach cancer by eating lots of fruits and vegetables, limiting red meat, and avoiding nitrate-containing foods."
- B. "Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in American men, impacting sexuality and life quality."
- C. "Colorectal cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States."
- D. "Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. However, it is the most preventable of all cancers."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The corrected statement in choice A emphasizes limiting red meat for the prevention of stomach cancer, which is more accurate than avoiding all meats. By focusing on red meat specifically, it provides clearer guidance to young adults. Choice B is not the correct answer as it provides accurate information about prostate cancer being the most common cancer in American men and its impact on sexuality and life quality. Choice C is also a valid statement, correctly highlighting colorectal cancer as the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Choice D provides accurate information about lung cancer being the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and emphasizes its preventability among cancers, making it a valid statement for reinforcing information about cancers to young adults.
The nurse is caring for an acutely ill 10-year-old client. Which of the following assessments would require the nurse's immediate attention?
- A. Rapid bounding pulse
- B. Temperature of 38.5 degrees Celsius
- C. Profuse diaphoresis
- D. Slow, irregular respirations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, slow, irregular respirations. In an acutely ill child, this assessment can indicate impending respiratory failure or neurological compromise, necessitating immediate intervention. Rapid bounding pulse (choice A) may indicate tachycardia but is not as immediately concerning as compromised respirations. A temperature of 38.5 degrees Celsius (choice B) is elevated but may not be the most urgent concern unless accompanied by other symptoms. Profuse diaphoresis (choice C) can indicate increased sympathetic activity but is not as critical as respiratory compromise.
Tertiary prevention would best be described as:
- A. recovery from physical limitation and psychological regression
- B. health teaching and immunization
- C. rehabilitation of alcoholic and drug dependents
- D. preventing disability and maximum use of remaining capacity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tertiary prevention is the stage of prevention that aims at preventing disability and maximizing the use of remaining capacity. Choice A is more aligned with rehabilitation rather than tertiary prevention. Choice B refers to primary prevention by promoting health and preventing diseases. Choice C focuses on rehabilitation specific to alcohol and drug dependence, which is a form of secondary prevention, not tertiary prevention.