Nokea
What is the role of a nurse in patient education?
- A. Providing patients with necessary information to manage their health
- B. Limiting information to prevent confusion
- C. Using complex medical terminology
- D. Discouraging questions from patients
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Providing patients with necessary information to manage their health. Nurses play a crucial role in patient education by offering essential information to help patients understand and manage their health conditions. This empowers patients to make informed decisions about their health and improve their overall well-being. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Limiting information would hinder patient understanding and decision-making, using complex medical terminology can confuse patients, and discouraging questions goes against the essence of patient education.
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Which of the following best describes evidence-based practice?
- A. Using outdated research
- B. Relying on personal experience alone
- C. Integrating clinical expertise with the best available evidence
- D. Disregarding patient preferences
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Evidence-based practice involves integrating clinical expertise with the best available evidence to make informed decisions about patient care. Choice A is incorrect as evidence-based practice relies on current and relevant research. Choice B is incorrect as it emphasizes the importance of not relying solely on personal experience. Choice D is incorrect as patient preferences play a significant role in evidence-based practice.
You are caring for a patient who has no cognitive functioning but only basic human functions such as opening the eyes and the sleep-wake cycle. What level of consciousness does this patient have?
- A. Obtunded
- B. A persistent vegetative state
- C. Locked-in syndrome
- D. Brain death
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A persistent vegetative state is characterized by the absence of cognitive functioning while basic human functions like the sleep-wake cycle are retained. In this state, the patient shows reflex movements and basic responses to stimuli but lacks awareness or higher mental functions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because:
A) Obtunded refers to a decreased level of consciousness, not the absence of cognitive functioning.
C) Locked-in syndrome is a condition where the patient is aware and awake but cannot move or communicate due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles except for vertical eye movements and blinking.
D) Brain death is the irreversible cessation of all brain activity, including the brainstem, leading to the loss of all functions of the brain.
What is the most common cause of HHNS?
- A. Insulin overdose
- B. Removal of the adrenal gland
- C. Undiagnosed, untreated hyperpituitarism
- D. Undiagnosed, untreated diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Undiagnosed, untreated diabetes mellitus. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is most commonly caused by undiagnosed and untreated diabetes mellitus. Insulin overdose (Choice A) is not a typical cause of HHNS; it is more related to hypoglycemia. Removal of the adrenal gland (Choice B) can lead to adrenal insufficiency but is not a common cause of HHNS. Undiagnosed, untreated hyperpituitarism (Choice C) is not a usual cause of HHNS; it is more related to pituitary hormone imbalances rather than hyperglycemia.
Serge, who has diabetes mellitus, is taking oral agents and is scheduled for a diagnostic test that requires him to be NPO. What is the best plan of action for the nurse regarding Serge's oral medications?
- A. Administer the oral agents immediately after the test.
- B. Notify the diagnostic department and request orders.
- C. Notify the physician and request orders.
- D. Administer the oral agents with a sip of water before the test.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The best plan of action for the nurse is to notify the physician and request orders regarding Serge's oral medications. By involving the physician, the nurse ensures that appropriate instructions are obtained, considering Serge's medical condition and the need for NPO status for the diagnostic test. Administering the medications without medical guidance (choice A) can be risky, as it may affect the test results. Notifying the diagnostic department (choice B) is not the most direct and appropriate action; the physician is the primary healthcare provider responsible for medication orders. Administering the medications with water before the test (choice D) is not advisable when the patient is supposed to be NPO, as it can interfere with the test requirements.
Your patient has been diagnosed with orchiditis. What information about this disorder should you inform the patient about?
- A. This disorder often occurs as a result of streptococcus.
- B. This disorder can be symptomatically treated with ice.
- C. This disorder can be symptomatically treated with heat.
- D. This disorder is typically treated with surgery.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Orchiditis can be symptomatically treated with ice to reduce inflammation. Choice A is incorrect because orchiditis is not typically caused by streptococcus. Choice C is incorrect as heat is not the recommended treatment for orchiditis. Choice D is also incorrect as surgery is not the first-line treatment for orchiditis.