HESI Leadership and Management Test Bank

HESI Leadership and Management Test Bank Related

Review HESI Leadership and Management Test Bank related questions and content

You are caring for a patient who has no cognitive functioning but only basic human functions such as opening the eyes and the sleep-wake cycle. What level of consciousness does this patient have?

  • A. Obtunded
  • B. A persistent vegetative state
  • C. Locked-in syndrome
  • D. Brain death
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A persistent vegetative state is characterized by the absence of cognitive functioning while basic human functions like the sleep-wake cycle are retained. In this state, the patient shows reflex movements and basic responses to stimuli but lacks awareness or higher mental functions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because:
A) Obtunded refers to a decreased level of consciousness, not the absence of cognitive functioning.
C) Locked-in syndrome is a condition where the patient is aware and awake but cannot move or communicate due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles except for vertical eye movements and blinking.
D) Brain death is the irreversible cessation of all brain activity, including the brainstem, leading to the loss of all functions of the brain.

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A client with DM has an above-knee amputation because of severe peripheral vascular disease. Two days following surgery, when preparing the client for dinner, what is the nurse's primary responsibility?

  • A. Check the client's serum glucose level
  • B. Assist the client out of bed to the chair
  • C. Place the client in a high-Fowler's position
  • D. Ensure that the client's residual limb is elevated
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to check the client's serum glucose level. In a client with diabetes who just had surgery, monitoring the serum glucose level is crucial to ensure proper management of the condition. This helps in preventing complications related to blood sugar fluctuations. Assisting the client out of bed may be important but not the primary responsibility at this time. Placing the client in a high-Fowler's position or ensuring the residual limb is elevated are important interventions for comfort and circulation but are not the primary concern in this scenario.

A nurse is preparing a client for surgery. The client has signed the consent form but tells the nurse that she has reconsidered because she is worried about the pain. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

  • A. If you have the procedure now, you won't have to deal with pain and disability later.
  • B. You'll be fine. You'll receive a prescription for pain medication.
  • C. Why didn't you discuss your concerns with your provider?
  • D. I understand and it's not too late to change your mind.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

A nurse is reviewing laboratory results and notes that a client's serum sodium level is 150 mEq/L. The nurse reports the serum sodium level to the physician, and the physician prescribes dietary instructions based on the sodium level. Which food item should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

  • A. Peas
  • B. Cauliflower
  • C. Low-fat yogurt
  • D. Processed oat cereals
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is processed oat cereals. Processed oat cereals are often high in sodium content, which should be avoided in cases of hypernatremia. Peas, cauliflower, and low-fat yogurt are generally low in sodium and are not typically contraindicated in hypernatremia. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.

Which of the following is an example of a chronic disease?

  • A. Common cold
  • B. Influenza
  • C. Diabetes
  • D. Food poisoning
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Which of the following differentiates ulcerative colitis from Crohn's disease?

  • A. Crohn's disease primarily affects the left colon and rectum, while ulcerative colitis most often affects the right colon and distal ileum.
  • B. Crohn's disease presents with shallow ulcerations, whereas ulcerative colitis presents with a cobblestone appearance of the mucosal lining.
  • C. The extent of involvement is noncontiguous and segmented with Crohn's disease, whereas it is contiguous and diffuse with ulcerative colitis.
  • D. Crohn's disease has primarily mucosal involvement, whereas it is transmural with ulcerative colitis.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Crohn's disease is characterized by noncontiguous, segmented involvement, meaning it can affect different areas with healthy tissue in between, while ulcerative colitis involves continuous areas of inflammation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because Crohn's disease can affect any part of the digestive tract from mouth to anus, can present with shallow ulcerations or deep fissures, and is transmural, meaning it affects the entire thickness of the bowel wall. On the other hand, ulcerative colitis typically affects the colon and rectum, presents with a continuous pattern of inflammation, and primarily involves the mucosal lining of the colon.

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