Oncology Questions

Oncology Questions Related

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A client with cancer has anorexia and mucositis, and is losing weight. The client's family members continually bring favorite foods to the client and are distressed when the client won't eat them. What action by the nurse is best?

  • A. Explain the pathophysiologic reasons behind the client not eating.
  • B. Help the family show other ways to demonstrate love and caring.
  • C. Suggest foods and liquids the client might be willing to try to eat.
  • D. Tell the family the client isn't able to eat now no matter what they bring.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The best action for the nurse in this situation is to help the family show other ways to demonstrate love and caring. When a client with cancer is experiencing anorexia and mucositis, it can be challenging for them to eat even their favorite foods. By assisting the family in finding alternative ways to provide comfort and care, the nurse can help create a supportive environment for the client. Option A is not the best choice as explaining the pathophysiologic reasons may not address the emotional needs of the client and family. Option C, suggesting foods and liquids, might not be helpful if the client is unable to tolerate them due to their condition. Option D, telling the family that the client can't eat, may come across as dismissive and not supportive of the family's concerns.

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A 54-year-old has a diagnosis of breast cancer and is tearfully discussing her diagnosis with the nurse. The patient states, 'They tell me my cancer is malignant, while my coworker's breast tumor was benign. I just don't understand at all.' When preparing a response to this patient, the nurse should be cognizant of what characteristic that distinguishes malignant cells from benign cells of the same tissue type?

  • A. Slow rate of mitosis of cancer cells
  • B. Different proteins in the cell membrane
  • C. Differing size of the cells
  • D. Different molecular structure in the cells
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Malignant cells have different proteins in their membranes, such as tumor-specific antigens, which distinguish them from benign cells. Choice A is incorrect as cancer cells typically have a rapid and uncontrolled rate of mitosis. Choice C is incorrect as the size of cells alone does not distinguish between malignant and benign cells. Choice D is incorrect as the molecular structure is not the primary characteristic that distinguishes between malignant and benign cells.

A nurse is caring for a patient whose diagnosis of multiple myeloma is being treated with bortezomib. The nurse should assess for what adverse effect of this treatment?

  • A. Stomatitis
  • B. Nephropathy
  • C. Cognitive changes
  • D. Peripheral neuropathy
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Peripheral neuropathy. Bortezomib, used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, is known to cause peripheral neuropathy as a significant adverse effect. Stomatitis (Choice A), which is inflammation of the mouth and lips, is not a common adverse effect of bortezomib. Nephropathy (Choice B), referring to kidney disease, is not a typical adverse effect of bortezomib. Cognitive changes (Choice C) are not a commonly reported adverse effect of bortezomib treatment.

A patient has been found to have an indolent neoplasm. The nurse should recognize what implication of this condition?

  • A. The patient faces a significant risk of malignancy.
  • B. The patient has a myeloid form of leukemia.
  • C. The patient has a lymphocytic form of leukemia.
  • D. The patient has a major risk factor for hemophilia.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'The patient faces a significant risk of malignancy.' Indolent neoplasms are characterized by their slow growth and relatively low malignancy potential; however, they do have the capability to progress to malignancy over time. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they make assumptions about specific types of leukemia and hemophilia, which are not necessarily related to the presence of an indolent neoplasm.

A clinic patient is being treated for polycythemia vera, and the nurse is providing health education. What practice should the nurse recommend to prevent the complications of this health problem?

  • A. Avoiding natural sources of vitamin K
  • B. Avoiding altitudes of 1500 feet (457 meters)
  • C. Performing active range of motion exercises daily
  • D. Avoiding tight and restrictive clothing on the legs
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Avoiding tight and restrictive clothing on the legs. Patients with polycythemia vera are at risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), so it is essential to avoid tight and restrictive clothing that can impede circulation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because avoiding natural sources of vitamin K, altitudes of 1500 feet, and performing active range of motion exercises are not directly related to preventing complications of polycythemia vera.

Nurse Kate is reviewing the complications of conization with a client who has microinvasive cervical cancer. Which complication, if identified by the client, indicates a need for further teaching?

  • A. Infection
  • B. Hemorrhage
  • C. Cervical stenosis
  • D. Ovarian perforation
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Ovarian perforation.' Ovarian perforation is not a complication associated with conization; therefore, if the client identifies this as a potential complication, it indicates a need for further teaching. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect: Infection, hemorrhage, and cervical stenosis are potential complications of conization, so identifying them would not necessarily indicate a need for further teaching.

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