Nokea
A sign specific to red blood cell destruction (hemolytic) anemia is:
- A. Jaundice
- B. Pica
- C. Anorexia
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Jaundice is the correct answer for red blood cell destruction anemia because it results from the breakdown of red blood cells, causing an increase in bilirubin levels. Jaundice presents as yellowing of the skin and eyes. Pica (eating non-food items), anorexia (loss of appetite), and tachycardia (rapid heart rate) are not specific signs of hemolytic anemia. Jaundice is a key indicator due to the excess bilirubin released from the destruction of red blood cells.
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Anorexia nervosa may best be described as:
- A. Occurring most frequently in adolescent males
- B. Occurring most frequently in adolescents from lower socioeconomic groups
- C. Resulting from a posterior pituitary disorder
- D. Resulting in severe weight loss in the absence of obvious physical causes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Anorexia nervosa is characterized by severe weight loss due to restrictive eating behaviors and distorted body image. Choice D is correct as it accurately describes the hallmark symptom of anorexia. Choices A and B are incorrect because anorexia nervosa is more common in adolescent females and does not discriminate based on socioeconomic status. Choice C is incorrect as anorexia nervosa is primarily a psychological disorder, not a pituitary disorder.
A 4-year-old, 44-pound Autistic patient is admitted to the ED with concerns of dehydration. He has been ordered to receive a 20ml/kg fluid bolus of normal saline over 30 minutes. At what rate would you set the IV pump?
- A. 880 ml/hour
- B. 800 ml/hour
- C. 440 ml/hour
- D. 400 ml/hour
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 880 ml/hour. To calculate the IV pump rate, first, determine the total volume to be infused: 20 ml/kg x 44 lbs = 880 ml. Next, divide the total volume by the total time in hours: 880 ml / 1 hour = 880 ml/hour. This rate ensures the patient receives the prescribed fluid bolus over 30 minutes. Choice B is incorrect as it does not account for the specific weight of the patient. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not follow the correct calculation based on the patient's weight.
A nurse is assessing a child who has bacterial pneumonia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
- A. Drooling
- B. Malaise
- C. Tinnitus
- D. Rhinorrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Malaise. In bacterial pneumonia, the body's immune response leads to systemic symptoms like malaise, fatigue, and weakness. This is due to the infection fighting process. Drooling (A) is not a common manifestation of bacterial pneumonia. Tinnitus (C) refers to ringing in the ears and is not associated with pneumonia. Rhinorrhea (D) is more commonly seen in viral respiratory infections.
You are the nurse caring for a 3-year-old, 33-pound child on digoxin. The safe dose range for digoxin is 20-40 mcg/kg/day. The order is for digoxin to be given IV every 12 hours, what is the maximum safe single dose the child should receive?
- A. 300 mcg
- B. 600 mcg
- C. 660 mcg
- D. 1320 mcg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 300 mcg. To determine the maximum safe single dose, we first need to calculate the total daily safe dose range for the child. The child's weight is 33 pounds, which is approximately 15 kg (1 kg = 2.2 lbs). The safe dose range is 20-40 mcg/kg/day, so for a 15 kg child, the total daily safe dose range would be 300-600 mcg/day. Since the medication is given every 12 hours, the maximum safe single dose would be half of the total daily dose, which is 300 mcg. This ensures that the child stays within the safe dose range for digoxin. Choice B (600 mcg) exceeds the maximum daily safe dose, choice C (660 mcg) exceeds the daily safe dose range, and choice D (1320 mcg) is way above the safe dose range for the child's weight.
What is the purpose of pediatric hospice?
- A. Provide pain relief so the child doesn't know they are dying
- B. Extend the dying process so the child and family can say goodbye
- C. Hasten the dying process to stop the suffering
- D. Support the highest quality of life possible for whatever time remains
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Support the highest quality of life possible for whatever time remains. Pediatric hospice aims to provide comprehensive care to children with life-limiting illnesses, focusing on enhancing their quality of life through physical, emotional, and spiritual support. This approach prioritizes symptom management, comfort, and dignity for the child, ensuring they live as fully as possible until the end. Other choices are incorrect because A does not acknowledge the child's awareness, B may not align with the child's wishes, and C goes against the ethical principles of hospice care.