Nokea
A client with an elevated amylase level asks the nurse about the altered value. The nurse bases a response on knowledge that amylase:
- A. Is an enzyme from the pancreas needed for carbohydrate digestion
- B. Plays no significant role in physiological processes
- C. Is an enzyme from the pancreas needed for fat digestion
- D. Is an enzyme from the pancreas that is the major component of bile
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amylase, produced by the pancreas, digests carbohydrates into sugars.
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Secretion of enterogastrone would be stimulated by the presence of:
- A. protein in the small intestine
- B. protein in the stomach
- C. fat in the small intestine
- D. fat in the stomach
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Enterogastrone secretion is triggered by fats in the small intestine to slow gastric emptying.
Which of the following is not a function of the pancreas?
- A. neutralization of gastric juice
- B. Production of amylase
- C. Secretion of lipases to break down fats into glycerol and fatty acids
- D. Secretion of pepsin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The pancreas does not secrete pepsin; this enzyme is produced by the stomach to digest proteins.
The structure which prevents entry of food into wind pipe during swallowing in mammals is-
- A. Larynx
- B. Glottis
- C. Epiglottis
- D. Pharynx
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The epiglottis closes over the glottis during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea.
Ventral [lower] surface of hard palate is covered by:
- A. Pseudo stratifies columnar epith.
- B. Stratified squamous keratinized (parakeratinized).
- C. Stratified squamous non keratinized.
- D. Transitional epith.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ventral surface of the hard palate is covered by stratified squamous epithelium that is keratinized (often parakeratinized) to withstand mechanical stress from food. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is found in respiratory regions, not here.
Bilirubin and biliverdin are formed in-
- A. Kidney
- B. Liver
- C. Salivary glands
- D. Stomach
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bilirubin and biliverdin are bile pigments formed in the liver from hemoglobin breakdown.