Nokea
What lab results would be noted in a client with leukocytosis?
- A. Increased white blood cell count
- B. Increased platelet count
- C. Decreased white blood cell count
- D. Decreased platelet count
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Leukocytosis is a condition characterized by an elevated white blood cell count, typically in response to infection or inflammation. Therefore, the correct answer is an increased white blood cell count (Choice A). Increased platelet count (Choice B) is not a typical finding in leukocytosis. Choices C and D, decreased white blood cell count and decreased platelet count respectively, are opposite to what would be expected in leukocytosis and are therefore incorrect.
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What is the treatment for patients with hemophilia A?
- A. Chemotherapy
- B. Factor VIII replacement
- C. Heparin administration
- D. Bone marrow transplant
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct treatment for patients with hemophilia A is Factor VIII replacement. Hemophilia A is a genetic disorder where there is a deficiency in clotting factor VIII. Therefore, replacing this factor is crucial in managing and preventing bleeding episodes. Choice A, chemotherapy, is not the correct treatment for hemophilia A. Choice C, heparin administration, is not recommended as it can further increase the risk of bleeding in patients with hemophilia. Choice D, bone marrow transplant, is not a standard treatment for hemophilia A.
Which of the following hormones do the kidneys secrete to increase red blood cell production?
- A. Erythropoietin
- B. Insulin and glycogen
- C. Testosterone
- D. Thyroid stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Erythropoietin. The kidneys produce erythropoietin to stimulate the production of red blood cells. Insulin and glycogen are not hormones secreted by the kidneys; insulin is produced by the pancreas, and glycogen is a stored form of glucose. Testosterone is a hormone primarily produced by the testes in males and to a lesser extent in females. Thyroid stimulating hormone is produced by the pituitary gland to regulate thyroid function, not red blood cell production.
What is reperfusion injury?
- A. Healing bone tissue after fracture
- B. Skin wound tunneling and shear
- C. Secondary injury after reestablishing blood flow
- D. Injury after blood transfusion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reperfusion injury refers to the secondary injury that occurs after blood flow is reestablished following ischemia. This process leads to tissue damage due to the sudden reintroduction of oxygen and nutrients, causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. Choice A is incorrect as it describes the normal healing process of bone tissue after a fracture. Choice B is incorrect as it describes specific mechanisms related to skin wounds, not reperfusion injury. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to a different concept, which is adverse reactions or complications that can occur after a blood transfusion, not reperfusion injury.
What causes osteoporosis?
- A. Poor nutrition in infancy
- B. Regularly weight-bearing exercise
- C. Bone loss, frequently during aging
- D. Cerebral palsy and associated disorders
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Osteoporosis is commonly caused by bone loss that occurs with aging, leading to brittle bones. Choice A, poor nutrition in infancy, is not a direct cause of osteoporosis. Choice B, regularly weight-bearing exercise, actually helps in maintaining bone density and strength, reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Choice D, cerebral palsy and associated disorders, is not a common cause of osteoporosis.
Which of the following imbalances is found in clients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?
- A. Decreased insulin production
- B. Decreased antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production
- C. Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- D. Increased production of insulin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by the excessive release of ADH, which leads to water retention and dilution of blood sodium levels. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because SIADH is not associated with decreased insulin production, decreased ADH production, or increased production of insulin.