Nokea
The charge nurse in the pediatric unit is teaching nursing students about pyloric stenosis. A student asks what causes pyloric stenosis. How should the nurse respond?
- A. One portion of the intestines invaginates or telescopes into another
- B. Hypertrophy of the circular pylorus muscle
- C. Relaxed cardiac sphincter
- D. Absent ganglion cells in the colon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pyloric stenosis is caused by the hypertrophy (thickening) of the circular muscle of the pylorus, leading to obstruction. Choice A is incorrect as it describes intussusception, not pyloric stenosis. Choice C is incorrect as a relaxed cardiac sphincter is related to gastroesophageal reflux. Choice D is incorrect as it describes Hirschsprung's disease, not pyloric stenosis.
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Which type of family should the nurse recognize when the paternal grandmother, the parents, and two minor children live together?
- A. Blended
- B. Nuclear
- C. Extended
- D. Binuclear
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An extended family includes relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and other extended family members living together, beyond just the nuclear family unit.
Which family theory is described as a series of tasks for the family throughout its life span?
- A. Exchange theory
- B. Developmental theory
- C. Structural-functional theory
- D. Symbolic interactional theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Developmental theory outlines the series of tasks and stages that a family goes through over its life span, helping to understand the family's development and needs over time.
The predominant characteristic of the intellectual development of a child aged 2 to 7 years is egocentricity. Which of the following best describes this concept?
- A. Selfishness
- B. Unable to see another's point of view
- C. Able to put self in another's place
- D. Prefers to play alone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Egocentricity in children aged 2 to 7 years means they are unable to see things from another person's perspective. This characteristic is a normal part of their cognitive development during this stage. Choice A, 'Selfishness,' is not an accurate description as egocentricity is more about a limited ability to understand others' viewpoints rather than intentional selfishness. Choice C, 'Able to put self in another's place,' is incorrect as egocentric children struggle to do this. Choice D, 'Prefers to play alone,' is not directly related to egocentricity but may be a behavior exhibited by some children for various reasons.
When assessing an infant with intussusception, what type of stool would the nurse expect to find?
- A. Soft, seedy stool
- B. Currant-jelly stool
- C. Ribbon-like stool
- D. Soft and pasty stool
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Currant-jelly stool. This type of stool, which is red and mucous-like, is a classic sign of intussusception in infants. Choice A (Soft, seedy stool) is incorrect as it does not specifically describe the characteristic stool associated with intussusception. Choice C (Ribbon-like stool) is incorrect; ribbon-like stool may be seen in conditions like colon cancer, not intussusception. Choice D (Soft and pasty stool) is also incorrect as it does not match the typical stool finding in intussusception.
After the family, which has the greatest influence on providing continuity between generations?
- A. Race
- B. School
- C. Social Class
- D. Government
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Schools play a significant role in providing continuity between generations by imparting cultural values, social norms, and knowledge to children.