Exam 4 Psychology

Exam 4 Psychology Related

Review Exam 4 Psychology related questions and content

The baby coos and the mom smiles, so the baby coos again to get mom to smile again. Piaget would say that this action is an example of?

  • A. Reflexes
  • B. Primary circular reactions
  • C. Secondary circular reactions
  • D. Tertiary circular reactions
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Secondary circular reactions. Secondary circular reactions are repeated actions that infants engage in to trigger a response from the environment, such as the baby cooing to make the mom smile. This behavior is characterized by a focus on the external environment and the repetition of actions to achieve a desired response. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Reflexes (choice A) are automatic, involuntary responses to a stimulus, while primary circular reactions (choice B) involve the repetition of actions primarily for the infant's own enjoyment rather than to elicit a response from the environment. Tertiary circular reactions (choice D) refer to the experimentation with new behaviors and variations in the way the infant interacts with the environment.

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How did philosopher John Locke characterize the mind of a child?

  • A. Innately good
  • B. Conscientiousness
  • C. Superego-ideal
  • D. A blank slate
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Philosopher John Locke characterized the mind of a child as a 'blank slate,' indicating that it is devoid of innate ideas or characteristics. This concept suggests that a child's mind is shaped and developed through experiences and learning rather than having inherent qualities. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as Locke did not view the mind of a child as innately good, conscientious, or associated with the superego-ideal. Instead, he believed that individuals are born without built-in mental content, emphasizing the importance of environmental influences on cognitive development.

What is the branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders called?

  • A. Industrial psychology.
  • B. Social psychology.
  • C. Developmental psychology.
  • D. Clinical psychology.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Clinical psychology. Clinical psychology specifically deals with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders. Industrial psychology (choice A) focuses on behavior in the workplace, social psychology (choice B) studies how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others, and developmental psychology (choice C) is the study of how and why people change over time.

Unlike other types of anxiety disorders, this one is not triggered by anything specific, hence the name free-floating anxiety.

  • A. Social anxiety disorder
  • B. Generalized anxiety disorder
  • C. Panic disorder
  • D. Specific phobia
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Generalized anxiety disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by persistent and excessive worry or anxiety that is not triggered by specific situations or objects, hence the term 'free-floating anxiety.' Social anxiety disorder (A) is characterized by fear and anxiety about social situations, panic disorder (C) involves recurrent unexpected panic attacks, and specific phobia (D) is an intense fear of a specific object or situation. Therefore, B is the most appropriate choice in the context of anxiety not being triggered by specific stimuli.

Sigmund Freud developed an innovative procedure for treating people with psychological problems, which he called?

  • A. Behavior modification.
  • B. Primal therapy.
  • C. Psychoanalysis.
  • D. Rational-emotive therapy.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis, not behavior modification, primal therapy, or rational-emotive therapy, as an innovative method for treating psychological problems. Psychoanalysis focuses on exploring unconscious motivations to understand and address psychological disorders, making it the correct answer. Behavior modification involves changing behavior through conditioning techniques, primal therapy emphasizes expressing repressed emotions, and rational-emotive therapy aims to identify and change irrational beliefs.

In a discussion with your professor, she tells you that she believes that the focus of psychological study should be to break the conscious experience into its basic elements. Which of the following historical schools of thought is your professor's idea most consistent with?

  • A. Behaviorism
  • B. Functionalism
  • C. Structuralism
  • D. Psychoanalysis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Structuralism. Structuralism, as introduced by Wundt, aimed to break down mental processes into their most basic elements. This aligns with the idea of breaking the conscious experience into its fundamental components. Choice A, Behaviorism, focuses on observable behavior and not on breaking down conscious experience. Choice B, Functionalism, emphasizes the purpose of behavior rather than breaking it down into basic elements. Choice D, Psychoanalysis, delves into unconscious processes and conflicts, which is different from breaking down conscious experiences into basic elements.

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