Age Specific Nursing Care

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A 35-year-old woman who is being interviewed by the advanced practice nurse indicates that she has few friends, fears criticism from others, and withholds information about her thoughts and feelings because she anticipates a negative reaction. Based on these data, the nurse suspects that Sarah may later be diagnosed as having:

  • A. Borderline personality disorder
  • B. Histrionic personality disorder
  • C. Avoidant personality disorder
  • D. Schizoid personality disorder
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Avoidant personality disorder. This is because the woman's fear of criticism, avoidance of sharing thoughts/feelings, and limited social circle are indicative of social inhibition and feelings of inadequacy, which are key features of avoidant personality disorder.

A: Borderline personality disorder is characterized by unstable relationships, self-image, and emotions, as well as impulsivity and fear of abandonment.
B: Histrionic personality disorder involves attention-seeking behavior, emotions that are shallow and rapidly shifting, and the need to be the center of attention.
D: Schizoid personality disorder is marked by social detachment, limited emotional expression, and preference for solitary activities.

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Behaviorists would say that self-defeating behaviors are maintained by immediate reinforcement in the form of

  • A. relief from anxiety
  • B. defending the ego
  • C. protecting one's self-image
  • D. avoiding existential anxiety
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Behaviorists argue self-defeating actions persist because they provide short-term anxiety relief.

A nurse is planning care for a patient with anorexia nervosa. What is the priority intervention?

  • A. Encourage the patient to verbalize concerns about body image.
  • B. Monitor the patient's weight and nutritional intake closely.
  • C. Provide education on healthy eating and exercise.
  • D. Offer emotional support to the patient regarding self-esteem.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Monitoring the patient's weight and nutritional intake closely is the priority intervention for a patient with anorexia nervosa as it directly addresses the immediate health risks associated with the disorder, such as malnutrition and weight loss. By closely monitoring these parameters, healthcare providers can assess the patient's progress and make necessary adjustments to prevent further complications.

Choice A is incorrect because while addressing body image concerns is important in the long term, it is not the priority intervention when the patient's physical health is at risk.

Choice C is incorrect as providing education on healthy eating and exercise may not be effective if the patient is not yet in a stable physical condition to absorb and apply the information.

Choice D is incorrect as offering emotional support is valuable, but it is not the priority intervention in this case where the patient's physical health needs immediate attention.

Which statement by a parent of a teen with anorexia nervosa suggests a need for further education?

  • A. I will make sure my teen eats three meals a day.
  • B. It is important to monitor my teen's weight regularly.
  • C. I should encourage my teen to keep a food journal.
  • D. I should allow my teen to skip meals if she feels full.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because allowing the teen to skip meals if she feels full can reinforce unhealthy eating behaviors associated with anorexia nervosa. This statement contradicts the essential goal of promoting regular and adequate meal intake to support recovery. Encouraging the teen to eat when not hungry may be necessary to restore normal eating patterns. Choices A, B, and C align with supporting the teen's nutritional needs and recovery process.

What would be an expected outcome for a patient with anorexia nervosa undergoing treatment?

  • A. The patient will stabilize weight at a normal level.
  • B. The patient will participate in group therapy regularly.
  • C. The patient will express satisfaction with their body image.
  • D. The patient will regain full cognitive function and independence.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. In Anorexia Nervosa treatment, the primary goal is weight restoration to a healthy level. This is crucial for physical health and recovery. Stabilizing weight at a normal level is a key indicator of treatment success. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not address the core issue of weight restoration, which is essential in treating Anorexia Nervosa. Group therapy, body image satisfaction, and cognitive function are important aspects of treatment but not the primary outcome measure for patients with anorexia nervosa.

Most individuals with Alzheimer's disease are cared for in:

  • A. Nursing homes
  • B. Their homes
  • C. Mental health facilities
  • D. Long-term care facilities specifically set up for clients with Alzheimer's
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Their homes. Most individuals with Alzheimer's disease are cared for in their homes because it allows for familiar surroundings and routines, which can help reduce confusion and anxiety. Home care also promotes independence and maintains a sense of normalcy. Nursing homes (choice A) may be necessary for individuals with advanced Alzheimer's who require round-the-clock care. Mental health facilities (choice C) are not typically designed to provide specialized care for Alzheimer's. Long-term care facilities specifically for Alzheimer's clients (choice D) are a subset of nursing homes and may not be the most common setting for care.

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