Nokea
Each of the following accurately describes aspects of the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) published by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) except one. Which one is the exception?
- A. The DRIs replace the older recommended daily allowances
- B. Current DRIs attempt to estimate required nutrients to improve long-term health
- C. DRIs specifically address individuals whose requirements are affected by a disease state
- D. The DRIs attempt to establish maximum safe levels of tolerance for nutrients
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. DRIs are intended for the general population and do not specifically address disease states, which are managed with different clinical guidelines. Choice A is correct as DRIs have replaced the older recommended daily allowances. Choice B is correct as current DRIs aim to estimate the required nutrients for long-term health. Choice D is correct as DRIs also attempt to establish maximum safe levels of tolerance for nutrients.
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How many amino acids are essential?
- A. 5
- B. 7
- C. 9
- D. 13
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 9. There are 9 essential amino acids that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained through the diet. These 9 amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the correct number of essential amino acids.
Each is a portion of the alimentary canal, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Oral cavity
- B. Pharynx
- C. Larynx
- D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Larynx. The larynx is part of the respiratory system, responsible for voice production and breathing. The alimentary canal is involved in the digestive process and includes structures like the oral cavity (mouth), pharynx, and esophagus. Choices A, B, and D are parts of the alimentary canal, where digestion occurs, making them incorrect answers.
Medications that reduce stomach acidity can impair the absorption of _____.
- A. calcium
- B. iron
- C. vitamin D
- D. vitamin C
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reduced stomach acidity impairs the absorption of iron, as an acidic environment is necessary for optimal iron absorption in the stomach. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as medications that reduce stomach acidity typically do not significantly affect the absorption of calcium, vitamin D, or vitamin C.
Nonnutritive sweeteners are not metabolized by microorganisms and do not promote dental caries. Products made with a nonnutritive sweetener can be used as frequently as 8 to 10 times per day.
- A. Both statements are true
- B. Both statements are false
- C. The first statement is true; the second is false
- D. The first statement is false; the second is true
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
What is the end product of lipid digestion?
- A. fatty acid
- B. sucrose
- C. monosaccharide
- D. amino acid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, fatty acid. During the process of lipid digestion, triglycerides are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. These end products are then absorbed into the bloodstream or lymphatic system for further processing. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because sucrose is a disaccharide, monosaccharide is a simple sugar unit, and amino acid is a building block of proteins, not the end product of lipid digestion.