Nokea
Does the hypothalamus control the feeling of hunger and satiety, and are fats the best nutrient in creating the feeling of satiety?
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Yes, the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating hunger and satiety. Fats are indeed known to be highly satiating nutrients, helping to create a feeling of fullness and satisfaction after a meal. Therefore, both statements are true. Choice B is incorrect because fats are indeed effective in promoting satiety.
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Each is a portion of the alimentary canal, except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Oral cavity
- B. Pharynx
- C. Larynx
- D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Larynx. The larynx is part of the respiratory system, responsible for voice production and breathing. The alimentary canal is involved in the digestive process and includes structures like the oral cavity (mouth), pharynx, and esophagus. Choices A, B, and D are parts of the alimentary canal, where digestion occurs, making them incorrect answers.
The recommended daily fluid intake of patients maintained using hemodialysis is:
- A. 150 mL plus the volume of urinary output
- B. 500 mL plus the volume of urinary output
- C. 1000 mL plus the volume of urinary output
- D. 1500 mL plus the volume of urinary output
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 1000 mL plus the volume of urinary output. Fluid intake is typically restricted in hemodialysis patients to prevent fluid overload. The recommended daily fluid intake for these patients is 1000 mL plus any urinary output. Choice A (150 mL plus the volume of urinary output) is too low and would not provide enough fluid for these patients. Choice B (500 mL plus the volume of urinary output) is also insufficient. Choice D (1500 mL plus the volume of urinary output) is too high and may lead to fluid overload in hemodialysis patients.
Which term is used to describe medical practices that have been thoroughly evaluated using scientific methods?
- A. Meta-analysis
- B. Systematic reviews
- C. Evidence-based
- D. Observational studies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Evidence-based.' Evidence-based practices refer to medical practices that have been thoroughly evaluated and supported by scientific research. Meta-analysis (A) involves statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple studies. Systematic reviews (B) are comprehensive reviews that synthesize evidence from multiple studies. Observational studies (D) are research methods where researchers observe subjects in their natural environment.
What is the conversion of genetic information in RNA into a sequence of amino acids?
- A. translation
- B. transcription
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'translation.' Translation is the process where the genetic information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids, forming a protein. This process occurs at ribosomes within the cell. Option B, 'transcription,' is incorrect as transcription is the process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template. Options C and D are irrelevant as they are not related to the conversion of genetic information into amino acids.
Which hormone is produced in fat tissue and helps regulate body fat by suppressing appetite?
- A. glucagon
- B. ghrelin
- C. leptin
- D. insulin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, leptin. Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that helps regulate energy balance by suppressing hunger, thus aiding in the regulation of body fat. Glucagon (choice A) is a hormone that raises blood glucose levels, ghrelin (choice B) stimulates appetite, and insulin (choice D) regulates blood sugar levels and promotes glucose uptake.