Nokea
Why might patients with periodontal disease require increased protein intake?
- A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
- B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related
- C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct
- D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with periodontal disease may require increased protein intake due to the physiological response to inflammation and infection, which can negatively impact protein synthesis. Protein is essential for wound healing and tissue repair, and an infection can increase the body's protein requirements. Therefore, ensuring an adequate protein intake is particularly important for these patients. Choice A is correct because the statement and reason are both accurate and directly related to each other, supporting the increased protein needs in patients with periodontal disease. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately assess the relationship between the statement and the reason provided in the question.
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How many calories does one pound of fat equal?
- A. 1500 calories
- B. 2500 calories
- C. 3500 calories
- D. 5000 calories
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: One pound of body fat is equivalent to approximately 3500 calories. This is a generally accepted caloric value used in nutrition and weight management. It's important to note that this is an estimation and individual variations may occur. Choice A (1500 calories), Choice B (2500 calories), and Choice D (5000 calories) are incorrect because they do not match the generally accepted caloric value of 3500 calories for one pound of body fat.
In a patient with liver cirrhosis, weight gain due to fluid retention can mask the symptoms of what condition?
- A. Liver failure
- B. Gallbladder disease
- C. Heart failure
- D. Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a patient with liver cirrhosis, weight gain due to fluid retention can mask Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) symptoms. This can lead to an increase in weight, making it challenging to identify weight loss or muscle wasting associated with PEM. Therefore, option D is correct. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because fluid retention and weight gain related to liver cirrhosis do not necessarily hide the symptoms of liver failure, gallbladder disease, or heart failure.
Which of the following conditions is not caused by energy drinks?
- A. Nervousness
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Seizures
- D. Dental caries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Energy drinks are known for causing a variety of health issues, including nervousness, seizures, and an increased risk of dental caries due to their high sugar content. However, they do not cause bradycardia, which is a slow heart rate. Instead, energy drinks are associated with causing an increased or rapid heart rate, known as tachycardia. Therefore, out of the listed options, bradycardia is the condition not caused by energy drinks.
Which type of fatty acid has carbon atoms connected by two or more double bonds?
- A. Saturated fatty acids
- B. Monounsaturated fatty acids
- C. Trans fatty acids
- D. Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Correct Answer: D
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What is the major diet-derived antioxidant found in cell membranes?
- A. B12
- B. beta-carotene
- C. vitamin E
- D. vitamin A
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is vitamin E. Vitamin E is the major antioxidant found in cell membranes, where it plays a crucial role in protecting them from oxidative damage. Although B12, beta-carotene, and vitamin A are important nutrients with specific functions in the body, they are not the primary antioxidants found in cell membranes. Vitamin E specifically localizes in cell membranes to neutralize free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation, making it an essential antioxidant for cellular health.