Nokea
How many amino acids are essential?
- A. 5
- B. 7
- C. 9
- D. 13
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 9. There are 9 essential amino acids that the body cannot synthesize and must be obtained through the diet. These 9 amino acids are histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the correct number of essential amino acids.
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Medications that reduce stomach acidity can impair the absorption of _____.
- A. calcium
- B. iron
- C. vitamin D
- D. vitamin C
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reduced stomach acidity impairs the absorption of iron, as an acidic environment is necessary for optimal iron absorption in the stomach. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as medications that reduce stomach acidity typically do not significantly affect the absorption of calcium, vitamin D, or vitamin C.
What laboratory value would be considered a high-risk measure for coronary heart disease assessment?
- A. triglycerides > 150 mg/dL
- B. BMI > 31
- C. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL
- D. blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: BMI > 31. A BMI over 31 is considered a high-risk factor for coronary heart disease as it indicates obesity, which is strongly linked to cardiovascular issues. Triglycerides > 150 mg/dL (choice A) can contribute to heart disease risk but are not as specific as BMI in assessing overall risk. LDL cholesterol < 128 mg/dL (choice C) is actually a desirable level, indicating lower risk. A blood pressure of 128/82 mmHg (choice D) is within normal range and not a high-risk measure specifically for coronary heart disease.
Which term is used to describe medical practices that have been thoroughly evaluated using scientific methods?
- A. Meta-analysis
- B. Systematic reviews
- C. Evidence-based
- D. Observational studies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Evidence-based.' Evidence-based practices refer to medical practices that have been thoroughly evaluated and supported by scientific research. Meta-analysis (A) involves statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple studies. Systematic reviews (B) are comprehensive reviews that synthesize evidence from multiple studies. Observational studies (D) are research methods where researchers observe subjects in their natural environment.
What dietary factor raises triglyceride levels?
- A. high refined carbohydrate intake
- B. low soluble fiber intake
- C. high iron intake
- D. low fat intake
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: high refined carbohydrate intake. High intake of refined carbohydrates, such as sugars and white flour, can lead to elevated triglyceride levels, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Choice B, low soluble fiber intake, is incorrect because soluble fiber actually helps lower triglyceride levels. Choice C, high iron intake, is incorrect as iron intake is not directly linked to raising triglyceride levels. Choice D, low fat intake, is also incorrect as not all fats raise triglyceride levels; it depends on the type of fat consumed.
Which vitamin is also known as Niacin?
- A. Vitamin B1
- B. Vitamin B2
- C. Vitamin B3
- D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin B3, also known as Niacin. Niacin is essential for energy metabolism and can help improve cholesterol levels. Vitamin B1 is Thiamine, Vitamin B2 is Riboflavin, and Vitamin B12 is Cobalamin. These vitamins have different functions in the body and are not synonymous with Niacin.