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Increasingly, researchers __________.
- A. assume that development stops at adolescence
- B. view old age as a period of decline
- C. view heredity as more influential than the environment
- D. see development as a perpetually ongoing process
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increasingly, researchers see development as a perpetually ongoing process. This perspective emphasizes that development continues throughout the lifespan, rather than stopping at a particular age like adolescence. Researchers now focus on understanding how individuals change and grow over time, recognizing that development is a lifelong journey influenced by both biological and environmental factors.
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Which statement describes a limitation of the clinical method?
- A. It may not yield observations typical of participants' behavior in everyday life.
- B. Researchers cannot control conditions under which participants are observed.
- C. The findings cannot be applied to individuals other than the participant.
- D. It does not usually yield rich, descriptive insights into factors that affect development.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement that describes a limitation of the clinical method is that the findings cannot be applied to individuals other than the participant. The clinical method typically involves in-depth studies of individual participants, which may limit generalizability to a broader population. This means that the findings from a clinical study may not be applicable to other individuals who are not directly involved in the study.
According to ecological systems theory, interactions between Marina and her child, Tyler, occur in the __________.
- A. microsystem
- B. mesosystem
- C. exosystem
- D. macrosystem
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: According to ecological systems theory, interactions between Marina and her child, Tyler, occur in the microsystem. The microsystem refers to the immediate social context in which an individual lives, such as interactions with family members, friends, and teachers. Marina and Tyler's interactions within their family unit would be considered part of the microsystem.
Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory, information processing, and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory all stress __________.
- A. nature over nurture
- B. changes in thinking
- C. unconscious motives and drives
- D. the effects of punishment and reinforcement on behavior
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory, information processing, and Vygotskyƒ¢¢â€š¬¢â€ž¢s sociocultural theory all stress changes in thinking. These theories focus on how cognitive abilities develop over time, emphasizing the growth and transformation of thinking processes rather than static traits or characteristics.
The embryonic disk __________.
- A. becomes the new organism
- B. is the outer ring of cells on a blastocyst
- C. has a good chance of survival outside the womb
- D. is a protective membrane that surrounds the amnion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Which expectant mother has the greatest risk of a baby born with fetal alcohol syndrome?
- A. Chloe, a Caucasian American
- B. Latima, an African American
- C. Yvonne, a Native American
- D. Ming, an Asian American
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.