Human Growth and Development Exam 1

Human Growth and Development Exam 1 Related

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In the scenario where parents at Central Elementary School responded to a multiple-choice questionnaire regarding the most important activity they do with their child, this is an example of a __________.

  • A. structured interview
  • B. clinical interview
  • C. naturalistic observation
  • D. structured observation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A structured interview involves asking individuals a predetermined set of questions in a set order. In this scenario, parents at Central Elementary School were given a multiple-choice questionnaire, which indicates that the questions were predetermined and likely asked in a specific order. This method allows for standardized data collection and comparison across participants.

Choice B, clinical interview, involves in-depth questioning aimed at understanding an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to psychological issues, which is not the case here. Choice C, naturalistic observation, involves observing individuals in their natural environment without interference, which is not applicable to a questionnaire scenario. Choice D, structured observation, involves systematically observing behavior in predefined ways, not relevant to the given scenario of questionnaire responses.

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During pregnancy, the placenta __________.

  • A. forms in the second trimester of pregnancy
  • B. encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid
  • C. contains one large vein that delivers nutrients to the embryo
  • D. delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The placenta delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism during pregnancy. It is a temporary organ that forms in the first trimester of pregnancy. Choice A is incorrect as the placenta forms in the first trimester, not the second trimester. Choice B is incorrect as the amniotic sac, not the placenta, encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid. Choice C is incorrect as the placenta contains blood vessels (arteries and veins) that deliver nutrients to the embryo, not just one large vein.

Which statement about the Nurse-Family Partnership is true?

  • A. It is an international program to reduce the risk of teratogens.
  • B. One of its goals is to promote competent early caregiving.
  • C. It is a series of childbirth classes offered at many U.S. hospitals.
  • D. It provides family planning and genetic counseling to couples.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The statement that is true about the Nurse-Family Partnership is that one of its goals is to promote competent early caregiving. The program provides support and guidance to first-time mothers to help them develop their caregiving skills and promote healthy child development. Choice A is incorrect because the program focuses on promoting healthy child development and supporting mothers, not specifically reducing the risk of teratogens. Choice C is incorrect because the Nurse-Family Partnership is not a series of childbirth classes but a program that involves home visits and support. Choice D is incorrect because the program's main focus is on supporting mothers in caregiving and child development, not primarily on family planning and genetic counseling.

By using which method of assignment of participants to treatment conditions, investigators increase the chances that participants' characteristics will be equally distributed across treatment groups?

  • A. sequential
  • B. random
  • C. systematic
  • D. correlational
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: By using random assignment of participants to treatment conditions, investigators increase the chances that participants' characteristics will be equally distributed across treatment groups. Random assignment helps reduce the likelihood of bias in the selection process and ensures that any differences between groups are due to the treatment and not pre-existing group differences. Sequential, systematic, and correlational assignment methods do not provide the same level of assurance in distributing participants' characteristics equally across treatment groups.

In a correlational design, researchers __________.

  • A. gather information on individuals without altering their experiences
  • B. divide events and behaviors of interest into two types: dependent and independent variables
  • C. use an evenhanded procedure to assign people to two or more treatment conditions
  • D. directly control or manipulate changes in the independent variable
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a correlational design, researchers gather information on individuals without altering their experiences. Correlational studies examine the relationship between two or more variables without any manipulation or control by the researchers. The researchers simply observe and measure the variables of interest without intervening in any way. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they describe aspects related to experimental designs rather than correlational designs. In an experimental design, researchers manipulate variables, assign participants to different treatment conditions, and control changes in the independent variable, which is not the case in correlational studies.

What is the longest stage of labor?

  • A. Delivery of the baby
  • B. Delivery of the placenta
  • C. Dilation and effacement of the cervix
  • D. Release of epinephrine and cortisol
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dilation and effacement of the cervix. This stage can last for hours, especially for first-time mothers, as the cervix needs to dilate and efface to allow for the baby's passage through the birth canal. Once the cervix is fully dilated and effaced, the woman can begin pushing during the second stage of labor to deliver the baby. The delivery of the baby itself is usually a shorter process compared to the time taken for the cervix to dilate and efface. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they represent other stages within the labor process that come after the dilation and effacement of the cervix.

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