Nokea
Which research method was borrowed from the field of anthropology?
- A. ethnography
- B. clinical interview
- C. structured interview
- D. systematic observation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: ethnography. Ethnography is a research method borrowed from the field of anthropology. It involves observing and documenting behaviors and interactions in a naturalistic setting. This method allows researchers to gain insight into the cultural context and practices of a group through direct observation and participation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because clinical interviews, structured interviews, and systematic observations are research methods used in different contexts and fields, not borrowed specifically from anthropology.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which statement is supported by research on newborn taste preferences?
- A. Newborns cannot distinguish basic tastes.
- B. Not until 4 months do babies prefer a salty taste to plain water.
- C. Newborns prefer the taste of formula to breast milk.
- D. Unlike adults, babies relax their facial muscles in response to sour tastes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Research on newborn taste preferences has found that not until around 4 months of age do babies start to show a preference for a salty taste over plain water. This indicates that newborns do have some ability to distinguish tastes, contrary to the statement in option A. The statement in option C that newborns prefer the taste of formula to breast milk is not supported by research on newborn taste preferences. Option D, stating that babies relax their facial muscles in response to sour tastes, is also not a supported statement regarding newborn taste preferences.
A theory of development __________.
- A. illustrates the ultimate truth about human behavior
- B. describes, explains, and predicts behavior
- C. explains all aspects of human growth
- D. does not require scientific verification
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A theory of development describes, explains, and predicts behavior. It provides a framework for understanding how individuals grow and change over time. The purpose of a theory is not to illustrate ultimate truth or explain all aspects of human growth, but rather to help researchers and practitioners make sense of and predict human behavior. Theories are expected to be tested and refined through scientific verification. Choice A is incorrect because theories do not necessarily illustrate ultimate truth. Choice C is incorrect as theories focus on behavior and development, not all aspects of human growth. Choice D is incorrect because scientific verification is essential for theories to be valid and reliable.
Newborn infants who are brain damaged or who have experienced birth trauma often __________.
- A. display disturbed REM-NREM sleep cycles
- B. cry less than those with no brain functioning problems
- C. spend about 20 percent of their total sleep time in REM sleep
- D. have very low or inaudible cries
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Newborn infants who are brain damaged or who have experienced birth trauma often display disturbed REM-NREM sleep cycles. This disruption in the sleep cycle can be a sign of neurological issues and can impact the newborn's overall health and development. Choice B is incorrect because infants with brain damage or birth trauma may actually cry more due to their discomfort or neurological issues. Choice C is incorrect because spending about 20 percent of total sleep time in REM sleep is not necessarily specific to brain-damaged or birth-traumatized infants. Choice D is incorrect because having very low or inaudible cries is not a common characteristic associated with brain damage or birth trauma in infants.
By using which method of assignment of participants to treatment conditions, investigators increase the chances that participants' characteristics will be equally distributed across treatment groups?
- A. sequential
- B. random
- C. systematic
- D. correlational
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: By using random assignment of participants to treatment conditions, investigators increase the chances that participants' characteristics will be equally distributed across treatment groups. Random assignment helps reduce the likelihood of bias in the selection process and ensures that any differences between groups are due to the treatment and not pre-existing group differences. Sequential, systematic, and correlational assignment methods do not provide the same level of assurance in distributing participants' characteristics equally across treatment groups.
According to Piaget, in which stage of cognitive development is four-year-old R'Monte who engages in make-believe play by stirring beads in a bowl and saying, "Soup is ready!"?
- A. sensorimotor
- B. preoperational
- C. concrete operational
- D. sociocultural
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, four-year-old Rƒ¢¢â€š¬¢â€ž¢Monte's engagement in make-believe play, such as pretending to stir beads in a bowl and creating imaginary soup, indicates that he is in the preoperational stage of cognitive development. This stage is characterized by symbolic thinking, pretend play, language development, and egocentrism. Choice A, sensorimotor, is incorrect as this stage occurs in infancy and focuses on sensory experiences and object permanence. Choice C, concrete operational, is incorrect as this stage occurs around ages 7-11 and involves logical reasoning about concrete events. Choice D, sociocultural, is incorrect as it does not correspond to Piaget's stages of cognitive development.