Nokea
Treatment for condylomata acuminata includes the following EXCEPT:
- A. Vulvectomy
- B. Podophyllin application
- C. Laser therapy
- D. Electrocautery
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Vulvectomy is not a standard treatment for condylomata acuminata, which are genital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Surgical removal of the vulva (vulvectomy) is an extreme measure and not typically indicated for treating this condition. Choices B, C, and D are valid treatments for condylomata acuminata. Podophyllin application, laser therapy, and electrocautery are commonly used to remove or destroy genital warts caused by HPV. These treatments aim to eliminate the visible warts and clear the infection.
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What is the role of the prolactin hormone?
- A. Stimulates the development of milk-producing tissue.
- B. Stimulates milk storage.
- C. Stimulates milk production.
- D. Stimulates milk ejection.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Stimulates milk production.' Prolactin hormone is responsible for promoting the production of milk in the mammary glands. This hormone does not directly stimulate the development of milk-producing tissue (Choice A), milk storage (Choice B), or milk ejection (Choice D). While these functions are related to lactation, the primary role of prolactin is to facilitate milk production.
Total Fertility Rate is at 6.2 births per woman in Zambia. This implies that:
- A. Zambian women will give birth to 6.2 children on average during their childbearing years.
- B. 6.2% of the time she will be pregnant during her childbearing years.
- C. 6.2% of her deliveries will not be successful.
- D. 6.2% of women will require medical intervention to become pregnant.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A Total Fertility Rate of 6.2 means that a woman will give birth to an average of 6.2 children during her childbearing years. The correct answer is A as it accurately reflects the concept of Total Fertility Rate. Choice B is incorrect as it misinterprets the concept by equating it to a percentage of time being pregnant. Choice C is incorrect as it does not relate to the Total Fertility Rate but rather to the success rate of deliveries. Choice D is incorrect as it introduces the idea of medical intervention, which is not directly related to the Total Fertility Rate.
Discuss the anatomical/physiological changes in pregnancy under the following: Haematological system
- A. Blood volume and plasma volume increase, red blood cells increase, erythropoietin levels decrease, and leukocyte count increases.
- B. Blood volume and plasma volume decrease, and red blood cells decrease.
- C. No changes occur in the haematological system during pregnancy.
- D. Platelet count remains constant, and no change in coagulation factors.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During pregnancy, the haematological system undergoes changes to support the growing fetus. Blood volume and plasma volume increase to accommodate the needs of the developing baby. Red blood cells increase to support the increased oxygen demand. Contrary to the statement, erythropoietin levels actually increase to stimulate red blood cell production. Additionally, leukocyte count increases to help the mother's immune system cope with the changes during pregnancy. Choice B is incorrect as it describes a decrease in blood components, which is not the case in pregnancy. Choice C is incorrect as there are significant changes in the haematological system during pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as platelet count can fluctuate during pregnancy, and there are changes in coagulation factors to prevent excessive bleeding.
When does missed abortion occur?
- A. The fetus dies and is retained in utero with the placenta and membranes.
- B. All products of conception are expelled with minimal bleeding.
- C. The cervix remains closed, and the products of conception remain in the uterus.
- D. The cervix remains closed, but there is heavy bleeding.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
The placenta is developed from which part of the trophoblast?
- A. Chorionic Frondosum
- B. Anchoring Villi
- C. Chorionic Laeve
- D. Body Stalk
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chorionic Frondosum. The placenta is developed from the chorionic frondosum part of the trophoblast. This structure gives rise to the fetal part of the placenta. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Anchoring Villi are projections from the chorionic plate that attach the placenta to the uterine wall. Chorionic Laeve refers to the smooth chorion that covers the fetal surface of the placenta. The Body Stalk is a structure that connects the early embryo to the trophoblastic pole of the blastocyst.