Nokea
Where does the ovum receive the sperm?
- A. Animal pole
- B. Vegetal pole
- C. Zona pellucida
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Zona pellucida.' The ovum receives the sperm at the zona pellucida, which is the glycoprotein layer surrounding the plasma membrane of the oocyte. This layer plays a crucial role in preventing polyspermy. Choices A and B, 'Animal pole' and 'Vegetal pole,' are incorrect as they refer to different regions of the egg and are not where the sperm fertilizes the ovum. Choice D, 'None of the above,' is incorrect as the sperm indeed interacts with the zona pellucida during fertilization.
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What is the most common cause of abortion in Zambia?
- A. Malaria.
- B. Tuberculosis.
- C. HIV.
- D. Ascariasis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Malaria. Malaria is a prevalent cause of abortion in Zambia due to its impact on maternal health. Malaria infection during pregnancy can lead to severe complications, including miscarriage. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while Tuberculosis, HIV, and Ascariasis are significant health issues, they are not the commonest cause of abortion in Zambia as Malaria.
How can the need to respect clients' rights to informed consent be attained in quality of care?
- A. by providing adequate information and counseling
- B. by forcing all patients scheduled for surgery to sign the consent form
- C. by engaging the Senior medical superintendent of the hospital to sign consent forms for the patients
- D. by simply telling the patient to sign the consent form
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'by providing adequate information and counseling.' Respecting clients' rights to informed consent involves ensuring that patients are adequately informed about the procedures they will undergo. This includes providing them with all necessary information and counseling to make an informed decision. Choice B is incorrect because forcing patients to sign consent forms does not ensure that they are fully informed or that their rights are respected. Choice C is incorrect as involving a senior medical superintendent to sign consent forms does not guarantee that patients are adequately informed. Choice D is incorrect because simply telling the patient to sign the consent form does not fulfill the requirement of providing adequate information for informed consent.
Causes of metrorrhagia include:
- A. Cervical carcinoma
- B. Uterine polyp
- C. Cervical endometriosis
- D. Infections like Chlamydia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metrorrhagia refers to irregular menstrual bleeding that occurs between periods. Cervical carcinoma, a type of cancer that develops in the cervix, can lead to metrorrhagia. Uterine polyps, which are growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus, can also cause abnormal bleeding. While infections like Chlamydia can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding, they are not common causes of metrorrhagia. Cervical endometriosis, although a possible gynecological condition, is not a typical cause of metrorrhagia. Therefore, the correct answer is cervical carcinoma as it is a known cause of metrorrhagia, making the other options incorrect.
The _________ is a temporary organ that connects a mammalian mother to its foetus.
- A. Placenta
- B. Chorion
- C. Endometrium
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Placenta. The placenta is a temporary organ that connects a mammalian mother to its foetus. It plays a crucial role in facilitating the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste between the mother and the developing baby. Choice B, Chorion, is incorrect as it is a part of the fetal membrane but not the organ that connects the mother to the fetus. Choice C, Endometrium, is incorrect as it is the lining of the uterus where implantation occurs but is not the organ responsible for connecting the mother to the fetus. Choice D, None of the above, is incorrect as the placenta specifically fits the description provided in the question.
What is the estimated percentage of deaths due to unsafe abortions from 591 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births?
- A. 0.1
- B. 0.2
- C. 0.3
- D. 0.4
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To calculate the estimated percentage of deaths due to unsafe abortions, you divide the number of deaths due to unsafe abortions by the total number of maternal deaths and then multiply by 100 to get the percentage. In this case, with 591 maternal deaths and 40% estimated to be due to unsafe abortions, the calculation is (591 * 0.4) / 100, which equals 2.36. Therefore, the estimated percentage of deaths due to unsafe abortions from 591 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births is 0.4 or 40%. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect percentages that do not reflect the provided information.