Nokea
What is an approximate method of estimating output for a child who is not toilet trained?
- A. Have parents estimate output.
- B. Weigh diapers after each void.
- C. Place a urine collection device on the child.
- D. Have the child sit on a potty chair 30 minutes after eating.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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A school-age child with cancer is being prepared for a procedure. The child says, "I have had one of these before. They hurt." The nurse bases her response on what knowledge related to pain in this patient?
- A. Often misrepresent experiencing pain
- B. Tolerate pain better than adults
- C. Become accustomed to painful procedures
- D. Commonly experience treatment-related moderate to severe pain when they have cancer
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Pain is frequently reported by children with cancer, with around 84% experiencing it. Most children report moderate to severe pain, with about half finding it highly distressing. There is no evidence to suggest that children often misrepresent their pain experiences. Pain tolerance is not solely based on age but is a complex phenomenon. Children do not become accustomed to painful procedures, as each experience of pain is unique.
Where would nonpathologic cyanosis normally be present in the newborn shortly after birth?
- A. Feet and hands
- B. Bridge of nose
- C. Circumoral area
- D. Mucous membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nonpathologic cyanosis in newborns shortly after birth is typically present in the feet and hands, known as acrocyanosis. This is a normal finding due to the immature peripheral circulation in newborns. Cyanosis of the bridge of the nose, circumoral area, and mucous membranes indicates generalized cyanosis, which suggests a potential underlying distress or major abnormality. Therefore, choice A is correct as it describes the expected location for nonpathologic cyanosis in newborns, while choices B, C, and D represent areas associated with abnormal cyanosis.
What laboratory finding should the nurse expect in a child with an excess of water?
- A. Decreased hematocrit
- B. High serum osmolality
- C. High urine specific gravity
- D. Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Which information about hemophilia will the nurse include in the teaching plan for the parents of a child diagnosed with hemophilia?
- A. Autosomal dominant disorder in which the blood clotting factors are deficient.
- B. X-linked recessive inherited disorder in which blood clotting factors are deficient.
- C. X-linked recessive inherited disorder involving decreased platelets causing prolonged bleeding.
- D. Autosomal recessive disorder in which the blood clotting factors are deficient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder, primarily affecting males and passed from mothers to sons. It involves a deficiency in clotting factors, leading to prolonged bleeding. Choice A is incorrect as hemophilia is not autosomal dominant. Choice C is incorrect as hemophilia does not involve platelets. Choice D is incorrect as hemophilia is not autosomal recessive.
An awake, alert 4-year-old child has just arrived at the emergency department after an ingestion of aspirin at home. The practitioner has ordered activated charcoal. The nurse administers charcoal in which manner?
- A. Giving half of the solution and then repeating the other half in 1 hour
- B. Mixing with a flavorful beverage in an opaque container with a straw
- C. Serving it in a clear plastic cup so the child can see how much has been drunk
- D. Administering it through a nasogastric tube because the child will not drink it because of the taste
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.