Nokea
The client is on nitroglycerin and reports chest pain. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Administer nitroglycerin as ordered.
- B. Administer morphine as ordered.
- C. Administer aspirin as ordered.
- D. Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Notify the healthcare provider immediately. When a client on nitroglycerin reports chest pain, it could indicate a worsening condition or potential myocardial infarction. The nurse's priority is to notify the healthcare provider promptly for further assessment and intervention. Administering nitroglycerin (choice A) may not address the underlying cause of the chest pain. Administering morphine (choice B) may mask symptoms and delay appropriate treatment. Administering aspirin (choice C) is important in chest pain management but does not take priority over notifying the healthcare provider for further evaluation and guidance.
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Which term describes a type of abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atria?
- A. Atrial fibrillation
- B. Ventricular fibrillation
- C. Atrial flutter
- D. Sinus tachycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A: Atrial fibrillation is the correct answer as it is characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atria due to disorganized electrical signals. This leads to inefficient pumping of blood and increases the risk of blood clots.
B: Ventricular fibrillation is incorrect as it refers to rapid, irregular beating of the ventricles, which is life-threatening and requires immediate medical intervention.
C: Atrial flutter is incorrect as it is characterized by a rapid but regular beating of the atria, different from the irregular pattern seen in atrial fibrillation.
D: Sinus tachycardia is incorrect as it is a normal response to stress, exercise, or excitement, characterized by a fast but regular heartbeat originating from the sinus node in the heart.
When monitoring a client on dobutamine, what is the most important parameter to assess?
- A. Blood pressure
- B. Heart rate
- C. Oxygen saturation
- D. Respiratory rate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blood pressure. When monitoring a client on dobutamine, the most important parameter to assess is blood pressure because dobutamine is a medication that increases heart contractility, potentially leading to increased cardiac output and subsequent changes in blood pressure. Monitoring blood pressure helps to ensure that the medication is having the desired effect without causing adverse effects such as hypertension or hypotension. Heart rate (B) can be influenced by dobutamine but is not as critical as blood pressure. Oxygen saturation (C) and respiratory rate (D) are important parameters to monitor in general but are not directly influenced by dobutamine.
What is the term used to describe a condition where the blood flow to the brain is temporarily interrupted, often referred to as a 'mini-stroke'?
- A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
- B. Stroke
- C. Myocardial infarction
- D. Pulmonary embolism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transient ischemic attack (TIA). A TIA is a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain, causing stroke-like symptoms that usually resolve within 24 hours. It is often referred to as a 'mini-stroke' because the symptoms are similar to a stroke but last for a shorter duration.
Explanation:
1. TIA specifically describes a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain, aligning with the scenario described in the question.
2. Stroke (Choice B) refers to a more severe and lasting interruption of blood flow to the brain, not a temporary one as seen in a TIA.
3. Myocardial infarction (Choice C) refers to a heart attack, which involves blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, not the brain.
4. Pulmonary embolism (Choice D) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs, not related to blood flow interruption to the brain.
In summary,
From where do these originate, behind the cusps of the aortic valve, in an area known as Valsalva's sinus?
- A. Pulmonary valve
- B. Aortic valve
- C. Tricuspid valve
- D. Mitral valve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is B - Aortic valve. This is because Valsalva's sinus is located behind the cusps of the aortic valve. The sinuses of Valsalva are pouch-like dilations found at the root of the aorta, just above the aortic valve. These sinuses are important in preventing backflow of blood into the heart during diastole. The other choices, A, C, and D, are incorrect because they do not originate from Valsalva's sinus. The pulmonary valve is located in the pulmonary artery, the tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle, and the mitral valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle.
In counseling the patient about sexual activity following an MI, what should the nurse do?
- A. Wait for the patient to ask about resuming sexual activity
- B. Discuss sexual activity while teaching about other physical activity
- C. Have the patient ask the health care provider when sexual activity can be resumed
- D. Inform the patient that impotence is a common long-term complication following MI
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sexual activity should be discussed proactively.