Nokea
The predominant manifestations of primary pulmonary hypertension include the following EXCEPT
- A. exercise intolerance
- B. precordial chest pain
- C. syncope
- D. low arterial oxygen saturation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Precordial chest pain is not a typical manifestation of primary pulmonary hypertension.
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The following diseases have diagnostic EEG findings:
- A. Petit mal epilepsy
- B. Infantile spasms
- C. Acute measles encephalopathy
- D. Herpes encephalitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infantile spasms, also known as West syndrome, have a characteristic EEG pattern called hypsarrhythmia, which is diagnostic.
A seizure episode may be mimicked by:
- A. Breath-holding episode
- B. Choreoathetosis
- C. Hysterical reactions
- D. Vasovagal attack
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Breath-holding episodes in children can mimic seizures due to transient loss of consciousness, often triggered by emotional stress or pain.
Cytosolic glycogen accumulation does not occur in
- A. Pompe disease
- B. Mc Ardle's disease
- C. Phosphofructokinase deficiency
- D. Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency does not lead to cytosolic glycogen accumulation.
Increased anion gap is seen in:
- A. Uraemia
- B. Starvation
- C. Renal tubular acidosis
- D. Acetazolamide therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Uraemia, a condition of high levels of urea in the blood, is associated with an increased anion gap due to the accumulation of acids.
Which painful, tender, pea-sized nodules may appear on the pads of the fingers or toes in bacterial endocarditis?
- A. Osler nodes
- B. Janeway lesions
- C. Subcutaneous nodules
- D. Aschoff nodes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osler nodes are red, painful, intradermal nodes found on pads of the phalanges in bacterial endocarditis. Janeway lesions are painless hemorrhagic areas on palms and soles in bacterial endocarditis. Subcutaneous odules are nontender swellings, located over bony prominences, commonly found in rheumatic fever. Aschoff nodules are small nodules composed of cells and leukocytes found in the interstitial tissues of the heart in rheumatic myocarditis