Pediatric Cardiovascular Nursing Questions

Pediatric Cardiovascular Nursing Questions Related

Review Pediatric Cardiovascular Nursing Questions related questions and content

A previously well 3½-month-old presents with poor feeding, diaphoresis during feeding, and poor growth. Vital signs reveal respirations of 70, pulse of 175, and blood pressure of 90/65 mm Hg in the upper and lower extremities. The cardiac examination reveals a palpable parasternal lift and a systolic thrill. A grade 4 holosystolic murmur and a mid-diastolic rumble are noted. The chest radiograph reveals cardiomegaly. The most likely diagnosis is

  • A. cardiomyopathy
  • B. myocarditis
  • C. VSD
  • D. coarctation of the aorta
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The presentation suggests a large ventricular septal defect (VSD) causing significant left-to-right shunting and heart failure.

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Malabsorption may be seen in:

  • A. Ischaemia of the gut
  • B. Giardiasis
  • C. Lymphoma of the ileum
  • D. Chronic lead poisoning
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Giardiasis, caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia, is a well-known cause of malabsorption.

The nurse is assessing a child with acute otitis media. Which finding should the nurse expect?

  • A. Bilateral eye discharge and fever
  • B. A bulging, red tympanic membrane
  • C. Nasal congestion and headache
  • D. Persistent cough and sore throat
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acute otitis media typically presents with a bulging, red tympanic membrane due to fluid accumulation and infection.

Functional causes of opening Snap (either due to swift opening of AV valve or due to excess flow across the valve) is seen in all, except

  • A. Mitral regurgitation
  • B. Ventricular septal defect
  • C. Atrial septal defect
  • D. First degree AV block
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: First degree AV block is not typically associated with an opening snap.

The following factors trigger renin secretion:

  • A. Hyponatremia
  • B. ACTH
  • C. Hypovolemia
  • D. ADH
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hypovolemia: Renin is secreted by the kidneys in response to low blood volume (hypovolemia), initiating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to conserve sodium and increase blood pressure.

For the child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, which medication may be given to keep the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open until surgery can be done?

  • A. Prostaglandin E
  • B. Indomethicin
  • C. Ibuprofen
  • D. Digoxin
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Prostaglandin E is used to keep the PDA open in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, allowing for adequate blood flow until surgical intervention can be performed.

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