Nokea
All are types of schizoaffective disorder except,
- A. Depressed type
- B. Unspecified type
- C. Anxiety type
- D. Bipolar type
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Anxiety type. Schizoaffective disorder involves a combination of schizophrenia symptoms and mood disorder symptoms, such as depression or mania. Anxiety type is not a recognized subtype of schizoaffective disorder. Depressed, unspecified, and bipolar types are valid subtypes. The presence of anxiety symptoms alone does not meet the criteria for a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer.
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All of the following are symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder except
- A. Argumentative
- B. Resentful
- C. Aggressive toward animals
- D. Vindictive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) involves defiance and hostility towards authority figures. Option C, being aggressive toward animals, is not a common symptom of ODD. This behavior is more indicative of a conduct disorder. Symptoms like being argumentative (A), resentful (B), and vindictive (D) align with ODD characteristics. These behaviors are typically directed towards people in authority rather than animals. In summary, option C is incorrect as it does not align with the typical symptoms of ODD, which focuses on defiance and hostility towards authority figures.
Which of the following best describes neologism?
- A. Meaningless rhythm of words.
- B. Roundabout.
- C. Made up words.
- D. Repeating of another's words.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neologism refers to the creation of new words or expressions. Choice C is correct because it directly aligns with the definition of neologism. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the concept of forming new words. Choice A describes gibberish, choice B refers to a circuitous route, and choice D pertains to plagiarism.
Which dopamine pathway is responsible for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
- A. Mesolimbic pathway
- B. Nigrostriatal pathway
- C. Tuberoinfundibular pathway
- D. Mesocortical pathway
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mesolimbic pathway. This pathway is responsible for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia due to its role in regulating emotions, motivation, and reward processing. Dopamine dysregulation in the mesolimbic pathway leads to symptoms like hallucinations and delusions. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Nigrostriatal pathway is involved in motor control; C: Tuberoinfundibular pathway regulates prolactin release; D: Mesocortical pathway is linked to cognitive functions and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Which dopamine pathway is responsible for negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
- A. Mesolimbic pathway
- B. Nigrostriatal pathway
- C. Tuberoinfundibular pathway
- D. Mesocortical pathway
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, the Mesocortical pathway. This pathway is responsible for regulating cognitive and emotional functions. Dysfunction in this pathway is associated with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as cognitive deficits and emotional blunting. The Mesolimbic pathway (A) is linked to positive symptoms, Nigrostriatal pathway (B) to motor control, and Tuberoinfundibular pathway (C) to hormone regulation. Therefore, they are not responsible for negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
All of the following are side effects of stimulants except
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Decreased appetite
- C. Delayed growth
- D. Drooling
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Drooling. Stimulants typically increase heart rate (A), decrease appetite (B), and may lead to delayed growth (C) due to their effects on the body. Drooling is not a common side effect associated with stimulants. Drooling is more often related to issues with salivary glands or neurological conditions, not typically seen with stimulant use. Therefore, D is the correct choice.