He also took part in the community police supervision project. He played an instrumental role in the BPP breakfast program for impoverished African American children. Which revision best combines these sentences for clarity and flow?
- A. NO CHANGE
- B. He also took part in the community police supervision project but played an instrumental role
- C. He also took part in the community police supervision project, he played an instrumental role
- D. He also took part in the community police supervision project and played an instrumental role
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D' because the phrase 'and played an instrumental role' provides a smoother transition between the two ideas. In this context, using 'and' helps to connect the two activities more effectively. Choice 'B' introduces a contrasting conjunction 'but,' which is not suitable in this context where the actions are related. Choice 'C' incorrectly separates the two actions into distinct sentences, affecting the flow and coherence of the paragraph. Therefore, 'D' is the best choice for combining the sentences for clarity and flow.
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Hampton was born and raised in Maywood, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in 1948. Which revision best improves the sentence?
- A. NO CHANGE
- B. in Maywood, of Chicago, Illinois in 1948.
- C. in Maywood, of Chicago, Illinois, in 1948.
- D. in Chicago, Illinois of Maywood in 1948.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The corrected choice C 'in Maywood, of Chicago, Illinois, in 1948.' is the best revision as it places commas around the city and state, as well as around the year, improving clarity and readability. Choice A is incorrect as it does not provide the necessary punctuation for clarity. Choice B incorrectly places 'of Chicago' between 'Maywood' and 'Illinois,' disrupting the flow of information. Choice D reverses the order of 'Chicago, Illinois' and 'Maywood,' making it structurally incorrect.
What kind of error is present in the following sentence? This summer, I'm planning to travel to Italy, take a Mediterranean cruise, go to Pompeii, and eat a lot of Italian food.
- A. Parallelism
- B. Sentence fragment
- C. Misplaced modifier
- D. Subject-verb agreement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, parallelism. The sentence contains a parallelism error because the verbs in the list are not in the same grammatical form. In a parallel structure, all items in a list should be formatted consistently. In this case, 'take a Mediterranean cruise' and 'going to Pompeii' are not parallel. 'Go to Pompeii' should be corrected to 'visit Pompeii' to maintain parallelism. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the sentence is a complete sentence, does not have any misplaced modifiers, and does not involve subject-verb agreement errors.
Hampton's greatest achievement as the leader of the BPP may be his fight against street gang violence in Chicago. Which of these, if any, is misspelled?
- A. None of these are misspelled.
- B. greatest
- C. achievement
- D. leader
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. All the words in the sentence are spelled correctly, so there is no misspelling present. 'Greatest,' 'achievement,' and 'leader' are all spelled correctly. Choice B, 'greatest,' is correctly spelled as it refers to the highest rank or importance. Choice C, 'achievement,' is also spelled correctly, denoting something accomplished successfully. Choice D, 'leader,' is the correct spelling for a person who leads or commands a group.
What is the part of speech of the word 'fresh' in the sentence: 'We need to come up with a fresh approach to this problem'?
- A. Noun
- B. Verb
- C. Adverb
- D. Adjective
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The word 'fresh' is an adjective in this sentence. Adjectives modify or describe nouns, and in this case, 'fresh' describes the noun 'approach.' A noun refers to a person, place, thing, or idea (e.g., 'apple'). A verb is a word that expresses action or state of being (e.g., 'run'). An adverb usually modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb by providing more information about how, when, where, or to what extent something is done (e.g., 'quickly'). In this sentence, 'fresh' is not a noun, verb, or adverb, making 'adjective' the correct choice.
What is the structure of the following sentence? The restaurant is unconventional because it serves both Chicago-style pizza and New York-style pizza.
- A. Simple
- B. Compound
- C. Complex
- D. Compound-complex
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The sentence is classified as complex because it contains one independent clause 'The restaurant is unconventional' and one dependent clause 'because it serves both Chicago-style pizza and New York-style pizza.' A simple sentence consists of just one independent clause, a compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses, and a compound-complex sentence has at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. In this sentence, the dependent clause 'because it serves both Chicago-style pizza and New York-style pizza' cannot stand alone as a complete sentence, making it a complex sentence structure.