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A teacher notices that, when students are talking to each other between classes, they are using their own unique vocabulary words and expressions to talk about their daily lives. When the teacher hears these non-standard words that are specific to one age or cultural group, what type of language is she listening to?
- A. Slang
- B. Jargon
- C. Dialect
- D. Vernacular
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Slang.' Slang refers to informal words or phrases that are specific to a particular group of people, such as young people or a specific culture. In this scenario, the teacher is hearing non-standard words and expressions used by students, which aligns with the definition of slang. Jargon typically refers to specialized terminology used within a specific profession or group. Dialect refers to a particular form of a language that is specific to a region or social group. Vernacular refers to the everyday language spoken by people in a particular region or country.
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Which of the following examples is a compound-complex sentence?
- A. The puppy and his mother both had dark brown eyes and long, floppy ears.
- B. The puppy and his mother looked exactly the same; both had shiny, dark brown eyes and long, floppy ears.
- C. The puppy, who had dark brown, shiny eyes and long, floppy ears, looked just like his mother.
- D. Even though the puppy was much smaller than his mother, his eyes were dark brown and shiny just like hers, and his ears were long and floppy, too.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sentence D is a compound-complex sentence because it contains two independent clauses ('Even though the puppy was much smaller than his mother' and 'his eyes were dark brown and shiny just like hers') and one dependent clause ('and his ears were long and floppy, too'). Choices A, B, and C do not meet the criteria for a compound-complex sentence as they lack a combination of independent and dependent clauses.
In which of the following situations is the inclusion of a citation necessary?
- A. The author is stating an opinion about a new biography of Abraham Lincoln.
- B. The author is describing a trip to Abraham Lincoln's birthplace.
- C. The author is quoting another author's opinion about a new biography of Abraham Lincoln.
- D. The author is describing a play she saw about Abraham Lincoln.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. A citation is required when directly quoting another author's opinion to give credit and avoid plagiarism. Choices A, B, and D do not necessitate citations as they involve the author's own opinion, personal experience, and description of a play, respectively, without directly quoting another source.
Which of the following is the complete subject of the following sentence? All of Shannon's family and friends helped her to celebrate her 50th birthday at Caf© Sorrento.
- A. Family and friends
- B. All
- C. All of Shannon's family and friends
- D. Shannon's family and friends
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The complete subject in the sentence is 'All of Shannon's family and friends.' This phrase encompasses the entirety of the group involved in celebrating Shannon's 50th birthday at Caf© Sorrento. It includes both her family and friends collectively, highlighting the full extent of individuals who participated in the celebration. The term 'All of Shannon's family and friends' is essential for providing a comprehensive subject that covers everyone who contributed to making the event special. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not capture the complete scope of individuals involved in the birthday celebration, unlike choice C which encompasses both Shannon's family and friends.
Which of the following sentences contains a homophone?
- A. Each evening, the young woman walked alone on the canal path.
- B. As water is heated up, it slowly begins to expand.
- C. By Sunday, they were ready to raze the old building, and everyone gathered to watch.
- D. The previous tenant had been a chemistry teacher.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. 'Raze' is a homophone of 'raise,' which means to destroy completely. The other choices do not contain homophones. Choice A talks about a young woman walking on a canal path, choice B discusses water heating up and expanding, and choice D mentions a previous tenant who was a chemistry teacher, none of which involve homophones. Therefore, choice C is the only sentence that contains a homophone, making it the correct answer.
During the Civil War, the United States, still a fairly young country, was divided into the North and South on strongly felt issues. President Abraham Lincoln took a stand on the side of the North, which ultimately emerged victorious. What is the most appropriate topic sentence for the passage below?
- A. The Civil War was a war that was not easily won, but hard fought.
- B. The Civil War ended in 1865.
- C. Jefferson Davis was the President of the Confederate States.
- D. Many countries have had civil wars.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The topic sentence sets the stage for the discussion that follows. Choice A, 'The Civil War was a war that was not easily won, but hard fought,' is the most appropriate as it introduces the theme of the challenges faced during the Civil War and the determination required for victory. Choice B, 'The Civil War ended in 1865,' is a factual statement but does not lead into the paragraph content. Choice C, 'Jefferson Davis was the President of the Confederate States,' introduces a different historical figure not central to the paragraph. Choice D, 'Many countries have had civil wars,' is a broad statement not related to the specific context of the Civil War in the United States.