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The following words all end in the same suffix, -ism: polytheism, communism, nationalism. Considering the meaning of these three words, which of the following best correlates to the meaning of the suffix?
- A. A doctrine
- B. A condition
- C. A characteristic
- D. A state of being
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'A doctrine.' The suffix -ism is commonly used to denote a system, doctrine, or belief. Words like polytheism, communism, and nationalism all represent specific doctrines or systems of belief. Therefore, the suffix -ism in these contexts indicates a particular set of ideas or principles. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because -ism does not typically refer to a condition, characteristic, or state of being, but rather to a specific ideology, doctrine, or belief system.
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Which of the following sentences contains a correct example of subject-verb agreement?
- A. All of the board members are in agreement on the issue.
- B. Each of the students was concerned about the test scores for the final exam.
- C. Neither of the children is at home right now.
- D. Any of the brownie recipes is perfect for the bake sale.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. In this sentence, the subject 'all of the board members' is plural, and the verb 'are' agrees with it. In choice B, 'each of the students' is singular, so the verb should be 'was' instead of 'were.' Choice C should use 'is' instead of 'are' since 'neither of the children' is singular. In choice D, 'any of the brownie recipes' is singular, so 'is' should be used instead of 'are.' Therefore, only choice A demonstrates proper subject-verb agreement.
What transition should be added to the beginning of sentence 2 below: Mr. Shanbourne just nodded?
- A. Surprisingly
- B. Actually
- C. Furthermore
- D. Instead
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct transition to add at the beginning of sentence 2 is 'Surprisingly.' This transition sets the tone for something unexpected or contrary to what was anticipated, emphasizing Mr. Shanbourne's reaction as not typical or predicted. Option B, 'Actually,' would not fit well as it does not imply any sense of surprise or contrast. Option C, 'Furthermore,' is used to add information rather than to indicate a surprising turn of events. Option D, 'Instead,' suggests a replacement or choice between alternatives, which is not suitable in this context.
Which of the following is an example of revision?
- A. Typing the first draft of an essay
- B. Reading sentences for clarity and making necessary changes
- C. Creating a list of all sources used within the essay
- D. Mapping out possible topics and subtopics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because revision involves reviewing and editing sentences for clarity and making necessary changes to improve the overall quality of the writing. Choice A is incorrect because typing the first draft is part of the drafting process, not revision. Choice C is incorrect as creating a list of sources is related to research and citation but not revision. Choice D is incorrect as mapping out topics and subtopics is typically done during the outlining or prewriting stages, not during the revision process.
Based on the word choices in the following sentence, which of the following is the most likely meaning of the prefix per-?
- A. Across
- B. By
- C. With
- D. Through
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The prefix 'per-' commonly means 'through,' indicating movement from one side to the other or completely through something. In this context, 'through' is the most fitting interpretation as it aligns with the idea of complete passage or thorough involvement. The other options do not convey the concept of going completely through something. 'Across' implies moving from one side to another but not necessarily all the way through. 'By' denotes proximity or secondary involvement rather than passage through. 'With' indicates accompaniment or association, which is not reflective of the prefix per- in terms of movement or completion.
Julia is writing an essay about the influence of technology on interpersonal relationships. Which of the following sentences would NOT be a relevant supporting detail?
- A. Studies show that the more teenagers engage in social media, the less they engage with their peers.
- B. College students study and work on homework an average of 4-6 hours a day.
- C. Use of technology such as smartphones can lead to a lack of engagement in conversations.
- D. Some psychologists think that watching TV activates the same part of the brain as having an in-depth conversation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In an essay focusing on the impact of technology on interpersonal relationships, details about college students' study habits and homework workload are not directly related to the influence of technology on relationships. Choices A, C, and D are more relevant as they directly address the impact of technology, such as social media engagement, smartphone usage affecting conversations, and the comparison between TV-watching and brain activity during conversations.