Nokea
Which gland is located superior to the kidney?
- A. Pituitary
- B. Adrenal
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The adrenal gland is located superior to the kidney. Each kidney is surrounded by an adrenal gland, also known as the suprarenal gland, situated on top of the kidneys. The pituitary gland (A) is located in the brain, while the hypothalamus (C) is also in the brain, above the pituitary gland. The pancreas (D) is located in the abdomen, near the stomach and small intestine, not superior to the kidney.
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What condition might result from a lack of vitamin C?
- A. Kwashiorkor
- B. Pellagra
- C. Rickets
- D. Scurvy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Scurvy is the correct answer. Scurvy is a condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin C in the diet. Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, and its deficiency leads to symptoms such as weakness, swollen and bleeding gums, joint pain, fatigue, and easy bruising. If left untreated, scurvy can lead to more severe complications. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition due to insufficient protein intake, pellagra is caused by a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3), and rickets results from a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.
In the human body, the ribs are ___________ to the lungs.
- A. medial
- B. superior
- C. anterior
- D. deep
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: anterior.' The term 'anterior' refers to a position in front of or toward the front of the body. In this case, the ribs are positioned in front of the lungs when considering the anatomical position. The term 'medial' means toward the midline of the body, 'superior' means above or higher in position, and 'deep' refers to a position farther from the surface or external part. Therefore, the most appropriate choice is 'anterior' when describing the relationship between the ribs and the lungs.
Which of the following is not part of the axial skeletal system?
- A. the skull
- B. the ribs
- C. the breastbone
- D. the radius
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, the radius. The axial skeleton comprises bones located along the central axis of the body. It includes the skull, ribs, breastbone (sternum), vertebrae, and sacrum. The radius, on the other hand, is a bone of the forearm, part of the appendicular skeleton. The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs and their girdles, not the central axial bones.
What is the function of the coronary artery?
- A. It carries oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
- B. It carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
- C. It distributes blood to the body.
- D. It supplies blood to the heart muscle.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'It supplies blood to the heart muscle.' The coronary artery's main function is to supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, ensuring that the heart receives the necessary nutrients and oxygen it needs to function properly. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the coronary artery specifically delivers oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, not deoxygenated blood to the lungs or blood to the rest of the body.
How might an injury to the parietal lobe impact an individual?
- A. Breathing
- B. Attention
- C. Memory
- D. Perception
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An injury to the parietal lobe can impact an individual's perception, affecting their ability to interpret sensory information such as touch, spatial orientation, and recognizing objects. The parietal lobe is crucial for integrating sensory information and creating a coherent perception of the surrounding world. Damage to this area can lead to challenges with spatial awareness, object recognition, and accurate processing of sensory input. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because breathing, attention, and memory are primarily associated with other brain regions such as the brainstem, frontal lobe, and temporal lobe respectively, not the parietal lobe.