Nokea
Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing ATP in cells?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Chloroplast
- D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Mitochondrion.' Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for producing ATP, the energy currency of the cell. The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material and controlling cell activities, not for ATP production. Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, not ATP production. Lysosomes are involved in digestion and waste removal, not ATP production.
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How are lipids different from other organic molecules?
- A. They are indivisible.
- B. They are not water soluble.
- C. They contain zinc.
- D. They form long proteins.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'They are not water soluble.' Lipids are not water-soluble, which distinguishes them from other organic molecules. Choice A is incorrect because lipids are not indivisible; they can be broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. Choice C is incorrect as lipids do not necessarily contain zinc; they are a diverse group of molecules. Choice D is incorrect because lipids do not form long proteins; proteins are made up of amino acids, not lipids.
Which of the following is not found within a bacterial cell?
- A. mitochondria
- B. DNA
- C. vesicles
- D. ribosome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: mitochondria. Mitochondria are not found in bacterial cells. Bacterial cells lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, which are commonly found in eukaryotic cells. Choices B, C, and D are all components that can be found within a bacterial cell. Bacterial cells contain DNA as their genetic material, vesicles for various cellular functions, and ribosomes for protein synthesis. Therefore, the presence of mitochondria is the distinguishing factor that is not found in bacterial cells, making option A the correct answer.
Which component of the cell contributes to the protection, communication, and passage of substances into and out of the cell?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Cytoplasm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the cell membrane. The cell membrane is responsible for protecting the cell, facilitating communication with the external environment, and regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell. The nucleus (Choice A) is the control center of the cell and houses the genetic material but is not primarily involved in these functions. The endoplasmic reticulum (Choice C) is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism, not primarily in protection or communication. The cytoplasm (Choice D) is the gel-like substance that fills the cell but does not specifically contribute to protection, communication, or substance passage.
During which phase is the chromosome number reduced from diploid to haploid?
- A. S phase
- B. interphase
- C. mitosis
- D. meiosis I
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'meiosis I.' During meiosis I, the chromosome number is reduced from diploid to haploid through two rounds of division. Choice A ('S phase') is incorrect as the S phase is part of the cell cycle where DNA is replicated. Choice B ('interphase') is also incorrect as interphase is the phase where the cell prepares for division. Choice C ('mitosis') is incorrect as mitosis is a process where a diploid cell divides to produce two identical diploid daughter cells, maintaining the chromosome number.
Which cell organelle functions to transport materials from the endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cell?
- A. Ribosome
- B. Golgi apparatus
- C. Lysosome
- D. Vacuole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is the correct answer because it functions to transport materials from the endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cell. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, not transportation of materials. Lysosomes contain enzymes for digestion and waste removal, not for transporting materials. Vacuoles are primarily involved in storage, waste disposal, and maintaining turgor pressure, not in transporting materials from the endoplasmic reticulum.