Nokea
What is the name of the structure that prevents food from entering the airway?
- A. trachea
- B. esophagus
- C. diaphragm
- D. epiglottis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The epiglottis is the structure that prevents food from entering the airway. It acts as a lid over the trachea during swallowing, directing food to the esophagus instead of the windpipe (trachea). The trachea (Choice A) is the windpipe that allows air to pass into the lungs, the esophagus (Choice B) is the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach, and the diaphragm (Choice C) is a muscle involved in breathing and not in preventing food passage.
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What is the role of platelets in the blood?
- A. To transport oxygen
- B. To fight infections
- C. To clot blood
- D. To carry nutrients
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, play a crucial role in blood clotting. When there is an injury, platelets adhere to the site and release substances that form a clot, preventing excessive bleeding. This function is vital for maintaining hemostasis and preventing blood loss. Choice A is incorrect because red blood cells, not platelets, are responsible for transporting oxygen. Choice B is incorrect as white blood cells are primarily responsible for fighting infections. Choice D is incorrect as nutrients are mainly transported by plasma and red blood cells, not platelets.
What is the main function of white blood cells?
- A. To carry oxygen
- B. To fight infections
- C. To carry nutrients
- D. To remove waste products
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The main function of white blood cells, also known as leukocytes, is to fight infections and foreign invaders to protect the body from harm. They play a crucial role in the immune system by identifying and destroying pathogens like bacteria and viruses, essential for maintaining the body's health and overall immunity. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as carrying oxygen is primarily done by red blood cells, carrying nutrients is a function of various body systems, and removing waste products is mainly the role of the kidneys and liver, not white blood cells.
What role does the liver play in metabolism?
- A. Storing glucose
- B. Secreting bile
- C. Detoxifying harmful substances
- D. Producing enzymes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Producing enzymes. The liver is involved in metabolism by producing enzymes that are essential for regulating various metabolic processes in the body. While the liver does store glucose, secrete bile, and detoxify harmful substances, its primary role in metabolism is producing enzymes that facilitate biochemical reactions necessary for energy production, nutrient breakdown, and waste elimination. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because although the liver performs these functions, they are not directly related to its primary role in metabolism, which is producing enzymes.
What is the role of the stomach in digestion?
- A. To absorb nutrients
- B. To break down food
- C. To secrete digestive enzymes
- D. To transport nutrients
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To break down food. The stomach's primary function in digestion is to mechanically and chemically break down food. It achieves this by utilizing gastric acid and digestive enzymes to convert food into chyme, a semi-liquid mixture. The chyme is then passed to the small intestine for further processing and absorption of nutrients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the stomach's main role is not to absorb nutrients, secrete digestive enzymes, or transport nutrients; instead, it primarily focuses on breaking down food.
Which structure in the ear is responsible for balance?
- A. Cochlea
- B. Semicircular canals
- C. Ossicles
- D. Eustachian tube
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The semicircular canals in the inner ear are responsible for maintaining balance by detecting changes in head position and movement. These structures contain fluid and hair cells that send signals to the brain regarding the body's orientation in space, helping us stay balanced and navigate our surroundings. The cochlea is responsible for hearing, the ossicles are involved in sound transmission, and the Eustachian tube helps equalize pressure in the middle ear, but they are not directly related to balance.