Nokea
What is the name of the negatively charged subatomic particles?
- A. Protons
- B. Neutrons
- C. Electrons
- D. Isotopes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Electrons. Electrons are the negatively charged subatomic particles. They are found outside the atomic nucleus and carry a negative charge. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus, neutrons have no charge, and isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, not subatomic particles.
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What is the main component of air?
- A. Oxygen
- B. Nitrogen
- C. Carbon dioxide
- D. Argon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nitrogen is the main component of air, constituting approximately 78% of the Earth's atmosphere. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and argon are also present in smaller amounts, but nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the air. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Choice A, oxygen, is essential for respiration but makes up only about 21% of the atmosphere. Choice C, carbon dioxide, is vital for photosynthesis but exists in trace amounts in the air. Choice D, argon, is a noble gas found in relatively small quantities in the atmosphere.
How can water be boiled at room temperature?
- A. By lowering the pressure
- B. By increasing the pressure
- C. By decreasing the volume
- D. By raising the boiling point
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The boiling point of water is directly affected by pressure. By lowering the pressure, water can boil at a lower temperature, even at room temperature. This occurs because at lower pressures, the molecules of water have less resistance to escaping into the vapor phase, thus enabling boiling to occur at lower temperatures. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because increasing the pressure, decreasing the volume, or raising the boiling point would actually require higher temperatures to boil water rather than achieving boiling at room temperature.
What is the name of the phase change from liquid to gas?
- A. Condensation
- B. Sublimation
- C. Evaporation
- D. Melting
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Evaporation.' This phase change occurs when a liquid turns into a gas. During evaporation, molecules gain enough energy to break free from the liquid phase and enter the gas phase, without the need for the liquid to reach its boiling point. Choice A, 'Condensation,' is the opposite phase change where gas turns into a liquid. Choice B, 'Sublimation,' is the phase change from solid directly to gas, skipping the liquid phase. Choice D, 'Melting,' is the phase change from solid to liquid.
What is the primary function of enzymes?
- A. To provide energy for reactions
- B. To speed up reactions
- C. To decrease activation energy
- D. To act as a catalyst
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes function to speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. They act as biological catalysts, providing an alternative pathway for the reaction to proceed more rapidly without being consumed in the process. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because enzymes do not provide energy for reactions (they do not generate energy), their primary function is not to decrease activation energy (though they do lower it), and while they act as catalysts, the primary function is to speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.
Which material has the smallest specific heat capacity?
- A. water
- B. wood
- C. aluminum
- D. glass
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius. Among the options provided, aluminum has the smallest specific heat capacity. This means that it requires the least amount of heat to raise its temperature compared to water, wood, and glass. Water has a high specific heat capacity, making it resistant to temperature changes, while wood and glass have higher specific heat capacities compared to aluminum.