Nokea
Which of the following statements is anatomically correct?
- A. The knee is distal to the ankle.
- B. The heart is inferior to the diaphragm.
- C. The hip is proximal to the knee.
- D. The wrist is proximal to the elbow.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The term 'proximal' refers to a body part being closer to the center of the body or a point of reference. In this case, the hip is closer to the center of the body compared to the knee, which makes the statement anatomically correct. Choice A is incorrect as the knee is proximal to the ankle. Choice B is incorrect as the heart is superior to the diaphragm. Choice D is incorrect as the elbow is proximal to the wrist.
You may also like to solve these questions
The spleen is part of which system?
- A. nervous system
- B. integumentary system
- C. lymphatic system
- D. urinary system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: lymphatic system. The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, responsible for filtering blood, producing and storing white blood cells, and aiding the body in fighting infections. The lymphatic system is crucial for maintaining the body's immune defenses and fluid balance. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the spleen is not part of the nervous system, integumentary system, or urinary system.
Which organ system is primarily responsible for preventing water loss?
- A. The nervous system
- B. The integumentary system
- C. The lymphatic system
- D. The urinary system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The integumentary system. The integumentary system, which includes the skin, is primarily responsible for preventing water loss from the body. The skin acts as a barrier that helps regulate moisture and prevent excessive water loss through a process known as transepidermal water loss. The nervous system (choice A) is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body, the lymphatic system (choice C) is responsible for the immune response and fluid balance, and the urinary system (choice D) is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine, but they do not primarily prevent water loss like the integumentary system.
When the pulmonary valve and aortic valves are open, where can blood flow?
- A. Between the two ventricles of the heart
- B. From atrium to ventricle within the heart
- C. Between the heart and the rest of the body
- D. Between the atria in the heart
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When the pulmonary valve and aortic valves are open, blood can flow between the heart and the rest of the body. The pulmonary valve allows blood to flow from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation, while the aortic valve permits blood to flow from the left ventricle to the rest of the body for distribution of oxygen and nutrients. This circulation pathway ensures that oxygen-rich blood is pumped to the body tissues. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because when the pulmonary valve and aortic valves are open, blood is not flowing between the ventricles, from atrium to ventricle, or between the atria; instead, it is being pumped out of the heart to the lungs and the rest of the body.
Which is a secondary defense for the body against pathogens?
- A. Tears
- B. Urine
- C. Inflammation
- D. Mucus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Inflammation is a secondary defense mechanism for the body against pathogens. When tissues are injured or infected, inflammation occurs as a protective response involving increased blood flow, white blood cell migration, and tissue repair. This process helps contain and eliminate pathogens, preventing them from spreading further in the body. Tears (Choice A) are a primary defense containing lysozyme and other antimicrobial agents. Urine (Choice B) is typically considered a non-specific defense mechanism due to its flushing action in the urinary tract. Mucus (Choice D) acts as a physical barrier and traps pathogens, also considered a primary defense mechanism.
The corpus callosum facilitates communication between which brain structures?
- A. the left and right brain
- B. the skeletal and neural systems
- C. the brain and spinal cord
- D. the thalamus and hypothalamus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The corpus callosum is a structure in the brain that enables communication between the two hemispheres. It allows for the transfer of various types of information, such as motor, sensory, and cognitive, between the left and right brain hemispheres, aiding in overall brain function and integration of tasks. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not involve the specific brain structures connected by the corpus callosum.