Nokea
Which of the following epithelial types is correctly matched with its major function?
- A. Simple squamous epithelium - diffusion
- B. Stratified squamous epithelium - protection
- C. Stratified squamous epithelium - diffusion
- D. Simple columnar epithelium - secretion or absorption
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Simple columnar epithelium is indeed primarily responsible for secretion and absorption due to its tall shape and presence of microvilli, which increase surface area for these functions. Simple squamous epithelium is mainly involved in diffusion, allowing for the exchange of gases or nutrients. Stratified squamous epithelium functions more for protection against mechanical stress and pathogens, as it forms a tough, protective barrier due to its many layers.
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How might vitamin D deficiency present?
- A. As bleeding gums
- B. As swollen extremities
- C. As red patches
- D. As crooked bones
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin D deficiency can present as crooked bones in children due to a condition called rickets. This is because vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium absorption and bone health. Inadequate levels of vitamin D can lead to soft and weak bones, resulting in skeletal deformities such as bow legs or knock knees. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as bleeding gums are more commonly associated with vitamin C deficiency (scurvy), swollen extremities could be a sign of various conditions like edema, and red patches are not typically a direct manifestation of vitamin D deficiency.
How does a sagittal section divide the body?
- A. Into right and left regions
- B. Into upper and lower regions
- C. Into front and back regions
- D. Between the dorsal and ventral cavities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A sagittal section divides the body into right and left regions. This type of section runs longitudinally from front to back, separating the body into right and left halves. Sagittal sections are crucial for understanding the anatomical structure and orientation of various body parts. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a sagittal section specifically divides the body into right and left portions, not upper and lower regions, front and back regions, or between the dorsal and ventral cavities.
The cheekbones are positioned ___________ to the nose.
- A. anterior
- B. proximal
- C. deep
- D. lateral
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The term 'lateral' refers to the direction away from the midline of the body. In this case, the cheekbones are situated to the sides of the nose, making them lateral to the nose. Therefore, 'lateral' correctly describes the position of the cheekbones in relation to the nose. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect:
A. 'Anterior' means situated at or towards the front, which is not the correct description of the cheekbones in relation to the nose.
B. 'Proximal' means situated nearer to the center of the body, which is not the correct description of the cheekbones' position in relation to the nose.
C. 'Deep' refers to being situated further away from the surface, which is not the appropriate term to describe the cheekbones' position in relation to the nose.
Which gland controls Calciferol?
- A. Thyroid
- B. Pituitary
- C. Parathyroid
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calciferol, commonly known as Vitamin D, is regulated by the parathyroid gland, not the thyroid, pituitary, or hypothalamus. The parathyroid gland plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance in the body by regulating the production of calcitriol, the active form of Vitamin D. This hormone helps in the absorption of calcium from the intestines and its reabsorption in the kidneys to maintain proper calcium levels in the blood. Therefore, the correct answer is the Parathyroid gland (Choice C). Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not have a direct role in controlling Calciferol.
Which is an anterior muscle of the thigh?
- A. Gluteus maximus
- B. Quadriceps femoris
- C. Biceps femoris
- D. Adductor magnus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Quadriceps femoris. The quadriceps femoris is an anterior muscle located on the front of the thigh. It is composed of four muscles: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. These muscles play a crucial role in extending the knee and are essential for activities like walking, running, and jumping. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they are not anterior muscles of the thigh. Gluteus maximus is a muscle located in the buttocks, biceps femoris is a muscle of the posterior thigh, and adductor magnus is a muscle of the medial thigh.