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What is the law of conservation of energy?
- A. Energy cannot be created, only destroyed
- B. Energy can be created but not destroyed
- C. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another
- D. Energy is always created in any process
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.' The law of conservation of energy is a fundamental principle in physics. It states that the total energy in a closed system remains constant over time. Energy can change from one form to another (e.g., potential energy to kinetic energy), but the total amount of energy remains the same. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the law of conservation of energy. Energy is not created or destroyed according to this law, but rather transformed.
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Which type of cartilage allows for smooth movement at joints and absorbs shock?
- A. Hyaline cartilage
- B. Fibrocartilage
- C. Elastic cartilage
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fibrocartilage is the correct answer. It is found in areas requiring both support and resilience, such as the intervertebral discs and knee joints. Fibrocartilage contains collagen fibers for strength and proteoglycans for resilience, making it suitable for functions that involve smooth movement at joints and shock absorption. Hyaline cartilage, while providing structural support, is not primarily responsible for smooth movement and shock absorption. Elastic cartilage is more flexible and is found in locations like the ear and epiglottis, but it is not known for its shock-absorbing properties. Choosing 'None of the above' disregards the correct option of fibrocartilage, which is specifically designed for the functions described in the question.
What is the process of a fertilized egg attaching itself to the uterine lining called?
- A. Ovulation
- B. Implantation
- C. Parturition
- D. Menstruation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Implantation is the correct answer. It is the process in which a fertilized egg attaches itself to the uterine lining, where it will develop into an embryo and eventually a fetus. Ovulation, on the other hand, is the release of an egg from the ovary. Parturition refers to the process of giving birth, while menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur. Therefore, the process described in the question specifically pertains to implantation.
Which term refers to the condition where a muscle shortens in length while generating force, leading to movement at a joint?
- A. Isometric contraction
- B. Eccentric contraction
- C. Isotonic contraction
- D. Concentric contraction
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Concentric contraction refers to the condition where a muscle shortens in length while generating force, leading to movement at a joint. This type of contraction is commonly associated with the lifting phase of an exercise where the muscle is actively shortening against resistance. Isometric contraction (Choice A) involves muscle contraction without a change in muscle length, Eccentric contraction (Choice B) involves the muscle lengthening while generating force, and Isotonic contraction (Choice C) refers to muscle contraction against a constant load with a change in muscle length.
What is the difference between a homozygous recessive genotype and a homozygous dominant genotype?
- A. Both have the same phenotype, but different genotypes.
- B. Both have the same genotype, but different phenotypes.
- C. Homozygous recessive has two dominant alleles, while homozygous dominant has two recessive alleles.
- D. Homozygous recessive has two identical recessive alleles, while homozygous dominant has two identical dominant alleles.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: - Homozygous recessive genotype refers to an individual having two identical recessive alleles for a particular gene (e.g., rr for a trait where r represents the recessive allele).
- Homozygous dominant genotype refers to an individual having two identical dominant alleles for a particular gene (e.g., RR for a trait where R represents the dominant allele).
- The difference between the two genotypes lies in the specific alleles present in each case, with homozygous recessive having two recessive alleles and homozygous dominant having two dominant alleles.
- This genetic difference results in different phenotypes being expressed, as the dominant allele typically masks the expression of the recessive allele in heterozygous individuals.
How do sweat glands help regulate body temperature?
- A. Producing sebum for lubrication
- B. Constricting blood vessels in the skin
- C. Releasing a watery fluid that evaporates for cooling
- D. Thickening the epidermis for insulation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sweat glands play a vital role in regulating body temperature by releasing a watery fluid that evaporates from the skin's surface. This evaporation process helps cool the body down by dissipating heat, which is essential for maintaining a stable internal temperature. Choice A is incorrect because sweat glands do not produce sebum but rather a watery fluid. Choice B is incorrect because sweating itself does not involve the constriction of blood vessels; instead, it promotes heat loss through evaporation. Choice D is incorrect as sweat glands do not thicken the epidermis for insulation but rather facilitate the cooling process through sweat evaporation.