Nokea
Which hormones are responsible for stimulating the development of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics during puberty?
- A. Growth hormone
- B. Testosterone (in males) and Estrogen (in females)
- C. Insulin
- D. Thyroid hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Testosterone and estrogen are the primary sex hormones responsible for the development of male and female sex organs, respectively, and the emergence of secondary sex characteristics during puberty. Growth hormone, insulin, and thyroid hormone do not directly influence the development of sex organs and secondary sex characteristics during puberty. Growth hormone primarily regulates growth and metabolism, insulin regulates blood sugar levels, and thyroid hormone controls metabolism and energy levels. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect for this question.
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What is the network of vessels and ducts responsible for draining excess fluid and waste products from tissues?
- A. Circulatory system
- B. Digestive system
- C. Lymphatic system
- D. Respiratory system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the Lymphatic system (option C). The lymphatic system is responsible for draining excess fluid and waste products from tissues. It works alongside the circulatory system to maintain fluid balance in the body. The circulatory system (option A) transports blood, the digestive system (option B) processes food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates solid waste, while the respiratory system (option D) is responsible for gas exchange, specifically the intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.
Which of the following organs is NOT directly involved in the mechanical breakdown of food?
- A. Mouth
- B. Stomach
- C. Small intestine
- D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is the esophagus (D). The esophagus is not directly involved in the mechanical breakdown of food. Its primary function is to transport food from the mouth to the stomach through peristalsis, a series of muscular contractions. The mouth is involved in the initial mechanical breakdown by chewing and mixing food with saliva. The stomach mechanically breaks down food through churning movements, and the small intestine further breaks down food through peristalsis and segmentation. Choices A, B, and C are directly involved in mechanical breakdown processes. The mouth helps in chewing and mixing food with saliva, the stomach mechanically breaks down food through churning movements, and the small intestine continues the breakdown process with peristalsis and segmentation.
Which term describes the resistance of a substance to being hammered into different shapes?
- A. Viscosity
- B. Ductility
- C. Malleability
- D. Conductivity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Malleability is the property that allows a substance to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without breaking. It is the opposite of brittleness. Ductility refers to the ability of a material to be drawn into thin wires, not hammered into shapes. Viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, indicating how thick or sticky it is, not related to shaping by hammering. Conductivity refers to the ability of a material to conduct electricity or heat, not resistance to being hammered into different shapes.
What is the term for the transfer of energy through a food chain?
- A. Photosynthesis
- B. Cellular respiration
- C. Transpiration
- D. Trophic cascade
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
A) Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.
B) Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and other molecules to produce energy in the form of ATP.
C) Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by plant roots, moves through the plant, and is released as vapor through pores in the leaves.
D) Trophic cascade refers to the transfer of energy through a food chain or food web, where the impact of a predator on its prey cascades down the food chain, affecting multiple trophic levels. This term describes the indirect effects that predators can have on lower trophic levels, influencing the entire ecosystem.
What is the scientific name for the building blocks of proteins?
- A. Residues
- B. Monomers
- C. Macromolecules
- D. Peptides
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale:
- Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids.
- Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are considered monomers.
- Monomers are the individual units that can be linked together to form larger molecules called polymers.
- In the context of proteins, amino acids are the monomers that are linked together through peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins.
- Residues refer to the specific amino acids within a protein after certain modifications or cleavages have occurred, so it is not the correct term for the building blocks of proteins.
- Macromolecules are large molecules made up of smaller subunits, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, but they are not the specific building blocks of proteins.
- Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, but they are not the fundamental building blocks of proteins.