Nokea
A client diagnosed with cirrhosis is started on lactulose (Cephulac). The main purpose of the drug for this client is to
- A. add dietary fiber
- B. reduce ammonia levels
- C. stimulate peristalsis
- D. control portal hypertension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lactulose blocks the absorption of ammonia from the GI tract and secondarily stimulates bowel elimination.
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A client is scheduled for a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The nurse knows that a PTCA is the
- A. Surgical repair of a diseased coronary artery
- B. Placement of an automatic internal cardiac defibrillator
- C. Procedure that compresses plaque against the wall of the diseased coronary artery to improve blood flow
- D. Non-invasive radiographic examination of the heart
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: PTCA is performed to improve coronary artery blood flow in a diseased artery. It is performed during a cardiac catheterization.
The nurse is reviewing new medication prescriptions for a client with asthma and nasal polyps. The nurse should clarify the prescription for
- A. ibuprofen
- B. vitamin D
- C. albuterol
- D. montelukast
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ibuprofen should be clarified in asthma with nasal polyps due to risk of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Vitamin D , albuterol , and montelukast are safe.
When counseling a 6 year-old who is experiencing enuresis, what must the nurse understand about the pathophysiological basis of this disorder?
- A. It has no clear etiology
- B. Enuresis may be associated with sleep phobia
- C. It has a definite genetic link
- D. Enuresis is a sign of willful misbehavior
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: It has no clear etiology. Enuresis has multiple contributing factors, but no single definitive cause has been established.
What socioeconomic indicators would the nurse identify as risk factors for a 2-month-old infant to develop failure to thrive (FTT)? Select all that apply.
- A. Both caregivers work outside the home
- B. Infant lives only with mother, who is currently unemployed
- C. Infant's primary caregiver has cognitive disabilities
- D. Parents are socially and emotionally isolated
- E. Parents live together but are not married
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Risk factors for FTT include unemployment limiting resources, caregiver cognitive disabilities impairing care, and social/emotional isolation reducing support. Working parents and unmarried status are not direct risks.
The nurse would expect the cystic fibrosis client to receive supplemental pancreatic enzymes along with a diet
- A. High in carbohydrates and proteins
- B. Low in carbohydrates and proteins
- C. High in carbohydrates, low in proteins
- D. Low in carbohydrates, high in proteins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: High in carbohydrates and proteins. This diet supports energy needs and compensates for malabsorption in cystic fibrosis.