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A nurse is preparing a presentation about basic nutrients for a group of high school athletes. She should explain that which of the following is the body's priority energy reserve?
- A. Fat
- B. Protein
- C. Glycogen
- D. Carbohydrates
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are the body's priority energy reserve because they are the primary source of energy for the body, especially during high-intensity activities like sports. When consumed, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is used for immediate energy or stored as glycogen in muscles and the liver for later use. Fat is a long-term energy reserve but is not as readily accessible as carbohydrates for quick energy. Protein is primarily used for building and repairing tissues, not as a main energy source. Glycogen is a stored form of carbohydrates in the body, not the primary energy reserve.
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A provider is discharging a client with a prescription for home oxygen therapy via nasal cannula. Client & family teaching by the nurse should include which of the following? Select all.
- A. Apply petroleum jelly around the inside of the nares
- B. Remove the nasal cannula during mealtimes
- C. Check the position of the cannula often
- D. Report any nasal stuffiness, nausea, or fatigue
- E. Post 'no smoking' signs in a prominent location
Correct Answer: C, D, E
Rationale: The correct answers are C, D, and E.
C: Checking the position of the cannula often ensures proper oxygen delivery and prevents skin breakdown.
D: Reporting nasal stuffiness, nausea, or fatigue is crucial as they may indicate oxygen therapy-related complications.
E: Posting 'no smoking' signs is essential as oxygen is flammable and smoking near oxygen can lead to fires.
A: Applying petroleum jelly can interfere with oxygen delivery and increase the risk of skin breakdown.
B: Removing the nasal cannula during mealtimes can decrease oxygen levels, especially in clients requiring continuous therapy.
A nurse is caring for a client who has been sitting in a chair for 3 hours. Which of the following problems is the client at risk for developing?
- A. Stasis of secretions
- B. Muscle atrophy
- C. Pressure ulcer
- D. Fecal impaction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pressure ulcer. Prolonged sitting can lead to decreased blood flow to tissues, causing pressure ulcers. Stasis of secretions (A) is more related to respiratory issues. Muscle atrophy (B) is a result of inactivity but not typically seen after only 3 hours. Fecal impaction (D) is more related to constipation, not prolonged sitting.
A nurse is teaching a client about taking multiple oral meds at home to include time-release capsules, liquid meds, enteric-coated pills, & narcotics. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I can open the capsule w/the beads in it & sprinkle them on my oatmeal.
- B. If I am having difficulty swallowing, I will add the liquid meds to a batch of pudding.
- C. The pills w/the coating on them can be crushed.
- D. I will eat 2 crackers w/the pain pills.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "I will eat 2 crackers with the pain pills." This statement indicates an understanding of the teaching because taking narcotics with food, such as crackers, can help reduce stomach upset and nausea commonly associated with these medications. This demonstrates the client's awareness of the importance of food intake when taking certain medications.
Choice A is incorrect because opening a time-release capsule and sprinkling the beads on food can alter the medication's intended release mechanism. Choice B is incorrect as mixing liquid meds with pudding may not ensure proper dosage or absorption. Choice C is incorrect as crushing enteric-coated pills can interfere with their delayed-release properties.
A nurse educator is reviewing with a newly hired nurse the difference in clinical manifestations of a localized vs. a systemic infection. The nurse indicates understanding when she states that which of the following are clinical manifestations of a systemic infection? Select all.
- A. Fever
- B. Malaise
- C. Edema
- D. Pain or tenderness
- E. Increase in pulse & respiratory rate
Correct Answer: A, B, E
Rationale: The correct answer is A, B, E. Fever is a common systemic response to infection as the body raises its temperature to help fight off pathogens. Malaise, a general feeling of discomfort or uneasiness, is also a systemic manifestation indicating a more widespread infection affecting overall well-being. An increase in pulse and respiratory rate can indicate systemic involvement as the body tries to cope with the infection. Edema, pain, or tenderness are more indicative of localized infections and not typically seen in systemic infections.
A client who will undergo neurosurgery the following week tells the nurse in the surgeon's office that he will prepare his advance directives before he goes to the hospital. Which of the following statements by the client indicates to the nurse that he understands advance directives?
- A. I'd rather have my brother make decisions for me, but I know it has to be my wife.
- B. I know they won't go ahead w/the surgery unless I prepare these forms.
- C. I plan to write that I don't want them to keep me on a breathing machine.
- D. I will get my regular doctor to approve my plan before I hand it in at the hospital.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it demonstrates understanding of advance directives by stating a specific treatment preference, which is not wanting to be kept on a breathing machine. This indicates the client's awareness of the purpose of advance directives in specifying their healthcare wishes.
Choice A is incorrect because it shows a lack of understanding that the client is the one who should make decisions about their care. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on the surgery proceeding rather than the purpose of advance directives. Choice D is incorrect as it does not show an understanding of the purpose of advance directives but rather a general approval process.