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A nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about lifestyle modifications. Which of the following dietary changes should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Increase intake of foods high in sodium.
- B. Decrease intake of saturated fats.
- C. Increase intake of processed foods.
- D. Decrease intake of fiber.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decrease intake of saturated fats. Saturated fats can raise cholesterol levels, leading to increased risk of heart disease and hypertension. Decreasing intake of saturated fats can help lower blood pressure.
Incorrect choices:
A: Increasing intake of foods high in sodium can worsen hypertension by increasing blood pressure.
C: Increasing intake of processed foods often leads to higher sodium and saturated fat intake, worsening hypertension.
D: Decreasing intake of fiber is not ideal as fiber helps in maintaining a healthy weight and managing blood pressure.
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A 16-year-old boy has just been admitted for overnight observation after being in an automobile accident. What is the nurse's best approach to communicating with him?
- A. Use periods of silence to communicate respect for him.
- B. Be totally honest with him, even if the information is unpleasant.
- C. Tell him that everything that is discussed will be kept totally confidential.
- D. Use slang language when possible to help him open up.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Be totally honest with him, even if the information is unpleasant. This is the best approach because honesty builds trust and credibility, crucial in a healthcare setting. It allows the teenager to make informed decisions about his care and fosters a therapeutic relationship.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Using periods of silence may be misinterpreted as indifference or lack of engagement.
C: Promising total confidentiality may not be feasible in healthcare settings and could lead to potential harm if critical information needs to be shared with others for the patient's safety.
D: Using slang language may come across as unprofessional and may hinder effective communication and understanding between the nurse and the patient.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is post-operative following a hip replacement. The nurse should prioritize which of the following interventions to prevent complications?
- A. Administering pain medication as needed.
- B. Encouraging early ambulation and use of compression stockings.
- C. Providing nutritional support and supplements.
- D. Monitoring for signs of infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging early ambulation and use of compression stockings. This intervention is crucial post-hip replacement to prevent complications such as blood clots and muscle weakness. Early ambulation helps prevent blood clots by promoting circulation, and compression stockings further aid in preventing deep vein thrombosis. Pain medication (A) is important but not the priority in preventing complications. Providing nutritional support (C) is also important but does not directly prevent post-operative complications. Monitoring for signs of infection (D) is essential but not as immediate as promoting early ambulation to prevent complications.
Which of the following best describes a proficient nurse?
- A. A nurse who has little experience with a specified population and uses rules to guide performance
- B. A nurse who has an intuitive grasp of a clinical situation and quickly identifies the accurate solution
- C. A nurse who sees actions in the context of daily plans for patients
- D. A nurse who sees a patient's situation as a whole, with long-term goals for the patient, rather than as a list of tasks to be performed
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a proficient nurse should have a holistic view of the patient's situation, focusing on long-term goals rather than just completing tasks. This approach ensures comprehensive care and better outcomes. Choice A is incorrect as it implies reliance on rules over experience. Choice B is incorrect because intuition alone may not always lead to the best solution. Choice C is incorrect as it emphasizes daily plans rather than long-term goals.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is post-operative following a knee replacement. Which of the following should the nurse prioritize in the post-operative care plan?
- A. Pain management.
- B. Encouraging early ambulation.
- C. Administering IV antibiotics.
- D. Monitoring for signs of deep vein thrombosis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging early ambulation. Early ambulation helps prevent complications such as blood clots, improves circulation, aids in lung expansion, and promotes faster recovery. Pain management is important but encouraging mobility is a priority. Administering IV antibiotics is not necessary unless there is an infection present. Monitoring for signs of deep vein thrombosis is important but encouraging ambulation is a proactive approach to prevent its occurrence.
A nurse is teaching a patient with a new diagnosis of diabetes about managing blood glucose levels. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will monitor my blood glucose levels regularly.
- B. I should follow a healthy diet to manage my condition.
- C. I can stop taking my insulin when my blood sugar is normal.
- D. I will exercise regularly to improve my health.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "I can stop taking my insulin when my blood sugar is normal." This statement indicates a misunderstanding of diabetes management. Here's the rationale:
1. Insulin is a crucial medication for managing diabetes, and stopping it abruptly can lead to serious complications.
2. Blood sugar levels can fluctuate, so stopping insulin when levels are normal is not safe or effective.
3. Proper education should emphasize the importance of consistent insulin use as prescribed by healthcare providers.
4. Choices A, B, and D demonstrate good understanding of diabetes management by focusing on monitoring blood glucose levels, following a healthy diet, and exercising regularly.