Nokea
A nurse is providing education to a patient with chronic kidney disease. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse prioritize?
- A. Increase protein intake.
- B. Increase potassium intake.
- C. Limit phosphorus and potassium intake.
- D. Decrease fluid intake.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Limit phosphorus and potassium intake. Patients with chronic kidney disease often have difficulty excreting phosphorus and potassium, leading to potential complications. Limiting phosphorus and potassium intake can help prevent further kidney damage and maintain electrolyte balance. Prioritizing this dietary recommendation is crucial for managing the progression of the disease.
Incorrect choices:
A: Increasing protein intake can put additional strain on the kidneys and may lead to further deterioration of kidney function.
B: Increasing potassium intake can be dangerous for patients with chronic kidney disease as they may have difficulty regulating potassium levels.
D: Decreasing fluid intake may be necessary in some cases, but it is not the priority in terms of managing chronic kidney disease.
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A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of chronic kidney disease. The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications related to decreased renal function?
- A. Hyperkalemia.
- B. Hypoglycemia.
- C. Hypotension.
- D. Hypercalcemia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperkalemia. In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys are unable to effectively excrete potassium, leading to elevated levels in the blood. This can result in life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Monitoring for hyperkalemia is crucial in managing patients with kidney disease.
Other choices are incorrect because:
B: Hypoglycemia is not typically associated with chronic kidney disease.
C: Hypotension may occur in kidney disease but is not directly related to decreased renal function.
D: Hypercalcemia is not a common complication of decreased renal function; in fact, kidney disease can lead to low levels of calcium.
Which organ is responsible for the extensive metabolism of acetaminophen?
- A. Liver
- B. Kidneys
- C. Lungs
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Liver. The liver is responsible for the extensive metabolism of acetaminophen through various pathways, including glucuronidation, sulfation, and oxidation. It converts acetaminophen into less toxic metabolites for elimination. The kidneys (B) primarily filter blood and regulate fluid balance; the lungs (C) are involved in gas exchange; and the pancreas (D) produces digestive enzymes and insulin, not involved in acetaminophen metabolism. Therefore, the liver is the correct choice for this question.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy. The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications?
- A. Neutropenia.
- B. Hyperkalemia.
- C. Hypoglycemia.
- D. Chronic pain.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neutropenia. During chemotherapy, neutropenia, a decrease in white blood cells, can occur, leading to increased risk of infections. Monitoring for neutropenia is crucial for timely intervention. Hyperkalemia (B) is not commonly associated with chemotherapy. Hypoglycemia (C) is more related to diabetes or insulin therapy. Chronic pain (D) is not a typical complication of chemotherapy. Monitoring for neutropenia allows the nurse to provide appropriate care to prevent infections and ensure the patient's safety.
A nurse is providing education to a patient about managing hypertension. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will monitor my blood pressure regularly.
- B. I should take my medication at the same time each day.
- C. I will avoid eating high-sodium foods.
- D. I can stop taking my medication once my blood pressure returns to normal.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because stopping medication once blood pressure returns to normal can lead to a relapse of hypertension. Step 1: Educate the patient that hypertension is a chronic condition requiring long-term management. Step 2: Explain the importance of continuing medication even when blood pressure is controlled. Step 3: Emphasize the risks of stopping medication abruptly. Other choices are incorrect because they promote positive behaviors for hypertension management: A: Monitoring blood pressure is essential. B: Taking medication consistently is crucial. C: Avoiding high-sodium foods helps control blood pressure.
The nurse is assessing orientation in a 79-year-old patient. Which of the following responses would lead the nurse to conclude that this patient is oriented?
- A. I know that my name is John. I couldn't tell you where I am. I think this year is 2009, though.
- B. I know that my name is John, but to tell you the truth, I get kind of confused about the date.
- C. I know that my name is John; I guess I'm at the hospital in Victoria. No, I don't know the date.
- D. I know that my name is John. I am at the hospital in Victoria. I couldn't tell you what date it is, but I know that it is February of a new year"”2009.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient demonstrates orientation to person (knows their name), place (knows they are at the hospital in Victoria), and time (knows it is February of a new year – 2009). This indicates intact orientation across all three domains.
Choice A is incorrect as the patient is unsure of their location and the year. Choice B is incorrect as the patient is confused about the date. Choice C is incorrect as the patient is uncertain about the date and only guesses their location.